Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
This manual explains in practical terms the basic drilling techniques. It describes the use of fluid circulation in soft ground formations, and com- pressed air and hammers for hard rock. It discusses well design, types of pump and their installation, screen selection, and testing.
BALL, P. (2001): Drilled Wells. (= Series of Manuals on Drinking Water Supply , 6 ). St. Gallen: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
This report provides a summary of the study on how to optimise the costs of boreholes construction in Zambia, Ghana and Burkina Faso.
DUFFAU, B. OUEDRAOGO, I. (2009): Burkina Faso: Summary of Findings of 2009 Study and Draft National Code of Conduct. Code of Practice for Cost-Effective Boreholes. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
Increasing access to groundwater is a high priority in Sub-Saharan Africa. One key to this is to reduce the costs of conventional drilling and borehole construction. This field note, describing a recent study in Ethiopia, sets out how this may be done.
CARTER, R. (2006): Ten-step Guide Towards Cost-effective Boreholes. Case Study of drilling costs in Ethiopia. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
This document provides a short summary of each of the hand drilling techniques being utilised today; a country-by-country overview of the extent of hand drilling taking place in select countries; an annotated list of organisations involved in promoting and supporting hand drilling and an extensive list of literature, from published articles to training materials and online videos.
DANERT, K. (2009): Hand Drilling Directory. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDFThe Rural Water Supply Network is a global knowledge network for rural water supply technologies and approaches. The website provides many excellent publications on various topics on rural development, particularly on hand drilled wells. This section presents an overview of the scale and type of hand drilling activity being undertaken in selected countries and the organisations involved.
As the quality of water can be seriously affected by a disaster or an emergency, it is best practice to disinfect all emergency water supplies. The most common way of disinfecting is with chlorine. This technical note explains why disinfection is important, why chlorine is used, how it works, how to test for its presence and where and when to test.
REED, B. (2011): Measuring Chlorine Levels in Water Supplies. Technical Notes on WASH in Emergencies #11. Leicestershire: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
This RURAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN MANUAL is the first of three related volumes prepared for the use of prospective and actual owners, operators, managements, technical staff, consultants, government planners and contractors of small Level III and Level II water supply systems in the Philippines.
THE WORLD BANK (2012): Rural Water Supply Design Manual. Volume I. Manila: The World Bank Office Manila URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
This field note is written for water well drilling enterprises as well as other agencies, which manage, or are involved in drilling projects. Using a step-by-step approach it gives clear guidance on how to cost and price the construction of drilled water wells. It also provides tips on business management with an emphasis of the realities faced in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
DANERT, K. LUUTU, A. CARTER, R. OLSCHWESKI, A. (2010): Costing and Pricing. A Guide for Water Well Drilling Enterprises. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
As the quality of water can be seriously affected by a disaster or an emergency, it is best practice to disinfect all emergency water supplies. The most common way of disinfecting is with chlorine. This technical note explains why disinfection is important, why chlorine is used, how it works, how to test for its presence and where and when to test.
REED, B. (2013): Measuring Chlorine Levels in Water Supplies. Technical Notes on WASH in Emergencies #11. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDF
This booklet seeks to suggest ways in which funds can be better used for making safe water available to the poor by illustrating how drilling costs can be reduced without compromising water quality, water quantity, or the productive life of the borehole.
WURZEL, P. (2001): Drilling Boreholes for Handpumps. (= Working Papers on Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation , 2 ). St. Gallen: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT) URL [Accessed: 11.03.2019] PDFThis manual by the Public Water Supply Systems in Nebraska suggests a step-by-step guide to the completion of the Wellhead protection area management planning process on a community-based level.
Using case studies of wind pump installation projects, the article outlines the challenges facing the dissemination of wind pumps in Africa and the benefits of windpumps to rural and remote areas. Policy options that may improve the dissemination and use of windpumps are proposed.
HARRIES, M. (n.y): Disseminating Windpumps in Rural Kenya – Meeting Rural Water Needs using Locally Manufactured Windpumps. Thika (Kenya): Bob Harries Engineering Limited. URL [Accessed: 08.03.2019] PDF
This comprehensive manual presents different pumps and water lifting techniques and elaborates on technology choice and the role of the institutional framework.
BAUMANN, E. (2000): Water Lifting. (= Series of Manuals on Drinking Water Supply , 7 ). St. Gallen: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT) URL [Accessed: 08.03.2019] PDF
Wells have been used to obtain water since ancient times. Some wells have been in continuous use for hundreds of years. Others are fairly new, but have been built by traditional methods. Good water quality can usually be obtained from a well that is properly constructed, maintained, and used. Some traditional wells are excellent. Others are not and need upgrading.
PICKFORD, J. (1990): Upgrading Traditional Wells. Leicestershire: WEDC, Loughborough University URL [Accessed: 08.03.2019] PDF
Helvetas Cameroon has been active for more than 10 years in water catchment protection in the North West Province. In this report a review is presented of the activities performed by Helvetas Cameroon in water catchment protection and the best practises are summarised.
WAARDE, J.J. van der (2004): Helvetas Cameroon Experiances in Catchment Protection Activities. Assessment. Bamenda: Helvetas Cameroon URL [Accessed: 08.03.2019] PDF
This guidance note points out the strengths and limitations of a number of low cost pumps. It provides an overview of the application, technical details, materials used, installation and maintenance, manufacturing requirements and costs of several low cost pumps, including information on the numbers installed and locations.
BAUMANN, E. (2011): Low-cost Hand Pumps. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Accessed: 08.03.2019] PDF
This guide is intended for local NGO’s and the remote communities they represent, striving to improve the reliability and quality of the community’s drinking water. There are many ways to help a community to improve their drinking water supply. The information in this guide is meant to assist in examining whether or not a solar pumping solution is viable for your particular community.
RATTERMAN, W. COHEN, J. GARWOOD, A. (2007): Solar Pumping Systems (SPS). Introductory and Feasibility Guide. Portland: Green Empowerment URL [Accessed: 08.03.2019] PDF
