Executive Summary
Arctic North American communities typically have honey buckets with lagoon wastewater disposal. As in other circumpolar communities, running piped water and wastewater is very expensive and generally not the sustainable solution. Students will be asked to design in-home wastewater reuse and describe what information is required to undertake a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to aid in their design considerations.
Background
Information gleaned from the Frogn, Norway case study forms the context for students, along with the concept paper by Shoults & Ashbolt (2017). From the above background students will design a more sustainable household water, sanitation and health system and consider how to undertake a QMRA for pathogen management of their system.
Case summary
This case explores pathogen risks and how QMRA can be utilized to identify sufficient management controls for safe use of source waters for drinking, washing and other hygiene needs within homes of a circumpolar community.
Exercise instructions
Sketch out your water source(s) and likely contamination scenarios, where the water is to be used within a home and identify one treatment box for each separate water stream used within a home. Then identify the likely points of exposures (skin, inhalation and ingestion) and possible volumes associated with ingestion for these exposures. Next, consider which reference pathogens should address major types of pathogens you have heard about during this course. Lastly, identify what information you need/have to undertake a QMRA to identify treatment performance (pathogen log-reductions) for each water source-end use combination.
Total Staphylococci as Performance Surrogate for Greywater Treatment
License: Ceative Commons BY-SA 4.0. No changes to the original documents were made.
SHOULTS, D. C. and ASHBOLT, N. J. (2017): Total Staphylococci as Performance Surrogate for Greywater Treatment. In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research: , 1-7. URL [Accessed: 14.06.2018] PDFPathogen Considerations for Safe ‘Arctic’ Household Water Systems
Alaska Water and Sewer Challenge (AWSC)
To improve the health of rural Alaska residents, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, in coordination with tribal, state and federal agencies, is spearheading a research and development effort to find better and more affordable ways to deliver drinking water and sewage disposal services to rural Alaska.
Global Water Pathogen Project (GWPP)
GWPP`s mission is to be a knowledge resource and hub on water pathogens which will guide the goals for sanitation and achieving safe water around the world using the power of new information technology and tools. The glossary contains relevant terms: see here http://www.waterpathogens.org/glossary
loowatt
Loowatt is an example of waterless sanitation solutions that can be used where there is a need for non-sewered toilets.
https://www.loowatt.com/ [Accessed: 15.06.2018]