Estimating the Health Risk Associated with the Use of Ecological Sanitation Toilets in Malawi

Use of Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) sludge is becoming popular due to increasing price of organic fertilizers in Malawi; however, there is little evidence on the associated risks. Quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) was done to determine health risks associated with use of EcoSan. Pathogens considered included Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and soil transmitted helminths (STHs).

KUMWENDA, S. et al. (2017): Estimating the Health Risk Associated with the Use of Ecological Sanitation Toilets in Malawi. In: Journal of Environmental and Public Health: Volume 2016 URL [Accessed: 04.04.2018] PDF