Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
Australia suffers from drought for a large part of the year. That is why the Sydney water council has a structure on how to act preventively to reduce negative consequences.
This paper presents a case for removing metropolitan permanent water restrictions by 2012. To achieve this goal, a water industry reform will need to be pursued on a number of fronts.
ALLEN CONSULTING (2007): Saying Goodbye to Permanent Water Restrictions in Australia's Cities. Key Priorities for Achieving Water Security. URL [Accessed: 03.05.2019]
This report is an analysis of different approaches utilized by eight water providers to determine the achieved levels of water savings. Mandatory restrictions are shown to be an effective tool for drought coping.
KENNEY, D.S. ; KLEIN, R.A. ; CLARK, M.P. (2004): Use and Effectiveness of Municipal Water Restrictions During Drought in Colorado. In: Journal of the American Water Resources Association: Volume 21 , 77-87. URL [Accessed: 03.05.2019]
This brief explores the role of water tariffs and subsidies as key instrument to achieve the objective of providing safe and affordable drinking water to residents of growing urban areas in developing countries.
BLANC, D. le (2007): Providing Water to the Urban Poor in Developing Countries: The Role of Tariffs and Subsidies. In: Sustainable Development Innovation Brief: Volume 4 URL [Accessed: 03.05.2019]
Short factsheet to sensitise USA tribal communities on how they can get help to implement water quality standards in their region.
US EPA (2002): How Water Quality Standards Protect Tribal Waters. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
This study shows by using cultural education programs, property owners can be convinced that they also gain economically when they take actions to protect lake water quality.
MICHAEL, H.J. BOYLE, J.K. BOUCHARD, R. (1996): Water Quality Affects Property Prices: a Case Study of Selected Maine Lakes. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. University of Maine URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
This document provides technical information to TMDL practitioners who are familiar with the relevant technical approaches and legal requirements pertaining to developing TMDLs and refers to statutory and regulatory provisions that contain legally binding requirements.
EPA (2008): Handbook for Developing Watershed Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Draft. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
This is summary of a case study. The tribes wish to maintain the integrity of their streams and the high quality of Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Common pollutants threaten the quality of these waters. The tribes have established a water quality standards program to preserve the high quality waters and restore those that have been degraded.
US EPA (2006): Case Studies in Tribal Water Quality Standards Programs. Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
Paper describing the Mechanisms of Command & Control in combination with other SSWM tools in Brazil.
PORTO, M. ; LOBATO, F. (2004): Mechanisms of Water Management: Command & Control and Social Mechanisms (Part 1 of 2). In: REGA (Revista de Gestão de Água da América Latina) : Volume 1 , 113-129. URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
Short fact sheet to raise awareness on how urban runoffs pollute water.
US EPA (2003): Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
Short fact sheet to raise farmers’ awareness on how their agricultural runoffs pollute water.
US EPA (2005): Protecting Water Quality from Agricultural Runoff. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
Case study where states, tribes, and regions share information about regulatory tools for facilitating progress towards meeting the U.S. Clean Water Act goals, particularly in harmed water bodies.
US EPA (2005): Water Quality Standards: Examples of Alternatives to Changing Long-term Designated Uses to Achieve Water Quality Goals. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
This is a guide to help the agricultural advisors understand that water quality is not only useful to improve their production and to take care of the environment, but also to trade. Producers could earn even more for, aiming towards the best practical technology.
CTIC (2006): Getting Paid for Stewardship: An Agricultural Community Water Quality Trading Guide. Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
Many cities today try to reduce runoff of water and pollutants from the site at which they are generated. This document explains how this can be done.
US EPA (2007): Reducing Stormwater Costs through Low Impact Development (LID) Strategies and PracticesReducing Stormwater Costs through Low Impact Development (LID) Strategies and Practices. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 02.05.2019]
This presentation describes the main dimensions of CSR as well as disadvantages and advantages.
HEIMANN, G (2008): Corporate Social Responsibility Global Standards & Policies in Practice. The Liberian International Ship & Corporate Registry URL [Accessed: 29.04.2019]
This is a paper which shows how to guarantee adequate and affordable water and sanitation services for vulnerable households. In the example of Chile, where the public authorities determine how the subsidy is applied, but mostly private companies deliver the service — under a scheme with built-in incentives to ensure cost-effective service delivery by the companies and low wastage by the customers.
GOMEZ-LOBO, A. (2001): Infrastructure Incentive-Based Subsidies. Designing Output-Based Subsidies for Water Consumption. Washington DC: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 29.04.2019]
Unilever Indonesia has a factory in East Java, 5km from the Brantas river. The river becomes heavily polluted from local industries as it passes through Surabaya. In 2001, Unilever 'adopted' four riverside villages and with local actors improved basic communal sanitation, created a household waste management process and introduced a 'greening' programme.
CSR Europe (2001): Cleaning up the Brantas River, Indonesia. Brussels: CSR Europe URL [Accessed: 29.04.2019]
Over 100 years of industrial activity has gravely polluted the soil around several Umicore sites. Today, Umicore wants to end the practice of passing on this inheritance of previous generations to the next and undertakes a large-scale sanitation project of the soil and groundwater on and around its four sites in Flanders.
CSR Europe (2004): Covenant on Soil and Groundwater Sanitation. Government and Corporation Cooperating for a Healthier Environment. Brussels: CRS Europe URL [Accessed: 29.04.2019]
This book systematically examines the targeting performance of consumer utility subsidies in 32 programs from 13 water utilities as well as a similar sample of electricity utilities. Most of the programs involve volume-based subsidies, which are common in the water sector.
KOMIVES, K. FOSTER, V. HALPERN, J. WODON, Q. (2005): Water, Electricity, and the Poor: Who Benefits from Utility Subsidies? . Washington DC: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 29.04.2019] PDF