Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
Factsheet on the principles, construction, operation and maintenance of ceramic candle filters for drinking water treatment in developing countries.
CAWST (2009): Ceramic Candle Filter. Fact Sheet - Academic. (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet - Academic ). Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Webpage on the ceramic water filter: context, application and technology.
This Technical Brief is the first of two examining the treatment of water in the home. The subject is introduced, and treatment by straining, storage, settlement, solar disinfection, chemical disinfection, and boiling are covered.
SKINNER, B. SHAW, R. (1999): Household water treatment 1. London & Loughborough: Water And Environmental Health at London and Loughborough (Well). Technical Brief 58 URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]
This book provides a general introduction to a wide range of technologies. Among the topics covered are: planning and management of small water supplies, community water supplies in Central and Eastern European countries, water quality and quantity, integrated water resources management, artificial recharge, rainwater harvesting, spring water tapping, groundwater withdrawal, water lifting, surface water intake, water treatment, aeration, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, multi-stage filtration, desalination technology, disinfection, household level water treatment, technologies for arsenic and iron removal from ground water, and emergency and disaster water supply. Chapter 18: Desanilation Technology
SMET, J. ; WIJK, C. van (2002): Small Community Water Supplies: Technology, People and Partnership: Desalination Technology - Chapter 18. The Hague: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]
Summary and brief evaluation of main household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) options for developing countries. Options described are: chlorination, biosand filtration, ceramic filtration, solar disinfection, filtration and chlorination, flocculation and chlorination.
LANTAGNE, D. S. QUICK, R. MINTZ, E.D. (2006): Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Options in Developing Countries. Review of Current Implementation Practices. In: ECSP (2006): Water Stories: Expanding Opportunities in small-scale Water and Sanitation Projects. Washington D.C.: 17-38. URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]
This work presents a case study that describes the development of low-cost techniques for efficient arsenic control in drinking water. Iron oxide was used for arsenic removal and high removal efficiencies were monitored during the process of removal.
DUARTE A.A.L.S. ; CARDOSO, S.J.A. ; ALCADA, A.J. (2009): Emerging and Innovative Techniques for Arsenic Removal Applied to a Small Water Supply System. In: Sustainability: Volume 1 , 1288-1304. URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]
The three arsenic removal technologies (Three-Gagri System, the Jerry Can System, and the Arsenic Treatment Unit (ATU)) were evaluated for their effectiveness and appropriateness.
HURD, J.J. (2001): Evaluation of Three Arsenic Removal Technologies in Nepal. (= Master-Thesis ). Los Angeles: University of California URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This webpage provides a simple description including advantages and disadvantages of boiling water as HWTS options.
This paper tries to assess improvement of microbiological quality in drinking water by boiling and cost analysis of boiling in Virar, Vasai and Nalasopara, three sprawling semi-urban communities in India.
CLASEN, T. MCLAUGHLIN, C. NAYAAR, N. BOISSON, S. GUPTA, R. DESAI, D. SHAH, N. (2008): Microbiological Effectiveness and Cost of Disinfecting Water by Boiling in Semi-urban India. Deerfield: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASRMH) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This link provides information on HWTS (background information, technical information, further weblinks etc.) and the WHO network to promote HWTS worldwide.
This web link contains a general discussion on different arsenic removal options for controlling risk.
This paper provides detail information on shock chlorination. It is also available at www.oznet.ksu.edu
POWELL, M ROGERS, D.H. WILLINGHAM, J.M. (2005): Shock Chlorination for Private Water Systems. Kansas State University URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This handbook is a comprehensive a new tool to help UNICEF WASH field professionals, but it will also be useful to other UNICEF staff and for partners in government, other external support agencies, NGOs and civil society. The handbook provides an introduction to all aspects of water quality, with a particular focus on the areas most relevant to professionals working in developing countries. It covers the effects of poor water quality, quality monitoring, the protection of water supplies, methods for improving water quality, and building awareness and capacity related to water quality.
UNICEF (2008): UNICEF Handbook on Water Quality. New York: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
Many of the most common diseases found in traumatized communities after a disaster or emergency are related to drinking contaminated water. This factsheet concentrates on the problems caused by drinking water contaminated by micro-organisms and their reduction by chlorination.
WHO (2005): How to measure chlorine residual in water. (= Technical Notes for Emergencies , 11 ). Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
Extensive factsheet on the principles, construction, operation and maintenance of ceramic candle filters for drinking water treatment.
CAWST (2009): Biosand Filter. Factsheet. (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet - Academic ). Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
Factsheet on chlorination with sodium hypochlorite solutions.
CAWST (2009): Chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite). (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets – Academic ). Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
Investigation on effectiveness and performance of biosand filters in Nepal.
LEE, T.L. (2001): Biosand Household Water Filter Projects in Nepal. (= (Master Thesis) ). Toronto: University of Toronto URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This book investigates how gender is present in the newly emerging principles on the sustainable management of water resources. The book also reviews how these gender specific principles are currently applied in the water supply, sanitation and hygiene sector.
WIJK-SIJBESMA, C. van (1998): Gender In Water Resource Management Supply and Sanitation. Roles and Realities Revisited. The Hague: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]