Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
This research thesis presents an investigation on the suitability of pumice and seeds of Moringa Oleifera as natural materials for drinking water treatment based on the problem identified on the Stretta Vaudetto water treatment plant in Eritrea.
GHEBREMICHAEL, K.A. (2004): Moringa Seed and Pumice as an Alternative Natural Material for Drinking Water Treatment. (= Doctoral Thesis ). Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This study examines the quality improvement of surface water by direct filtration with Strychnos Potatorum seed or Moringa Oleifera seed as the coagulant and assesses the suitability for home water treatment in rural areas of developing countries.
BABU, R. ; CHAUDHURI, M. (2005): Home Water Treatment by Direct Filtration with Natural Coagulant. In: Journal of Water and Health: Volume 3 , 27-30. URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This study investigated the effectiveness of the Moringa oleifera coagulant for the removal of turbidity, bacteria, and natural organic matter (NOM) from natural surface water. The results obtained were compared with inorganic coagulants of alum and ferric chloride.
ABALIWANO, J.K. GHEBREMICHAEL, K.A. AMY, G.L. (2008): Application of the Purified Moringa Oleifera Coagulant for Surface Water Treatment. Watermill Working Paper Series No. 5). Delft: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This paper describes experiments using chitosan coagulant (a natural organic polyelectrolyte) on textile industry wastewater. The results obtained proved that chitosan successfully flocculates the anionic suspended particles and reduces the levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and turbidity in textile industry wastewater.
ABU HASSAN, M.A. ; LI, T.P. ; NOOR, Z.Z. (2009): Coagulation and Flocculation of Wastewater in Textile Industry using Chitosan. In: Journal of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering: Volume 4 , 43-53. URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This research assesses the agro based materials like Surjana seed (Moringa oleifera), Nirmali seed (Strychnos pototorum) and maize (Zeemays) as a coagulant aid in conjunction with alum to determine their efficacy in water treatment. Experiments have been conducted simulating a conventional water treatment train consisting of coagulation-flocculation-settling and granular media filtration. They found that filtrate quality has improved with the use of agro-based materials.
RAGHUWANSHI, P.K. ; MANDLOI, M. ; SHARMA, A.J. ; MALVIYA, H.S. ; CHAUDARI, S. (2002): Improving Filtrate Quality Using Agro based Materials as Coagulant Aid. In: Water Quality Research Journal of Canada: Volume 37 , 745-756. URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019] PDF
A two-page factsheet on PUR flocculant and disinfectant powder with field and lab, containing information on effectiveness, advantages and limitations and implementation examples.
CDC ; USAID (2008): Flocculant/Disinfectant Powder . (= CDC Household Water Treatment Options in Developing Countries Factsheets ). New York: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
Should I have my water tested? The answer to this question depends on several factors. It concerns your health and the health of your family, so you need to know some basic facts.
U.S. EPA (2005): Home Water Testing. Washington DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
In this study, volcanic ash and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were investigated as indigenous materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at Kampala and Masaka water treatment plants in Uganda.
KALIBBALA, H.M. (2007): Application of Indigenous Materials in Drinking Water Treatment. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
A four-page factsheet containing product information on the procedure of using PUR flocculant and disinfectant powder, its treatment efficiency, operating criteria and other relevant information’s related to PUR.
CAWST (2009): PUR. Calgary: Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST). Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This research was carried out in Matlab, Bangladesh in collaboration with the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. They found significant filtering of zooplankton (i.e. copepods) and colonial phytoplankton from household water by nylon and sari filtration, as well as reduction of cholera cases in the studied villages.
COLWELL, R.R. ; HUQ, A. ; ISLAM, M.S. ; AZIZ, K.M.A. ; YUNUS, M. ; KHAN, N.H. ; MAHMUD, A. ; SACK, R.B. ; NAIR, G.B. ; CHAKRABORTY, J. ; SACK, D.A. ; RUSSEK-COHEN, E. (2003): Reduction of cholera in Bangladeshi villages by simple filtration. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS): Volume 100 , 1051-1055. URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This series of articles proposes a general overview of many aspects related to ion exchange for residential water treatment. Among other, historic aspects, manufacturing process, softening process, technical aspects, applications in toxic metallic ions removal are covered.
KELLER, M.C. (2005): Basic Ion Exchange for Residential Water Treatment Part 2. In: Water Conditioning and Purification: URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
In this study, the coagulant properties of Opuntia spp., a species of cactus, are quantitatively evaluated.
MILLER, S.M. ; FUGATE, E.J. ; CRAVER, V.O. ; SMITH, J.A. ; ZIMMERMAN, J.B. (2008): Toward Understanding the Efficacy and Mechanism of Opuntia spp. As a Natural Coagulant for Potential Application in Water Treatment. In: Environmental Science & Technology: Volume 42 , 4274–4279. URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
One-page factsheet containing information on effectiveness, appropriateness, acceptability and costs of straining.
CAWST (2009): Straining. Fact Sheets - Simplified. (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets - Simplified ). Calgary: Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]
This paper describes the treatment of a high pollution strength industrial wastewater with H2O2 combined with UV light and iron ions catalysts.
DINCER, A.R. ; KARAKAYA, N. ; GUNES, E. ; GUNES, Y. (2007): Removal of COD from Oil Recovery Industry Wastewater by the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) based on H2O2. In: Global NEST Journal : Volume 10 , 31-38. URL [Accessed: 23.05.2019]
This report describes the building up of a new simulator for chlorination and ozonation. It aims at giving a clear overview of the investigation fields related to modeling of oxidation for water purification. The model proposed is adaptable to on-site conditions.
MANDEL, P. (2007): Modelling of Micropollutant Removal by Ozonation and Chlorination in Potable Water Treatment. In: TECNEAU FP: Volume 6 URL [Accessed: 23.05.2019]