This webpage by the U.S. EPA gives basic information about the role of chlorine in disinfecting drinking water in the U.S., including the types of chlorine added and the formation of chlorine disinfection by-products.
EPA (2012): Basic Information about Disinfectants in Drinking Water. Chloramine, Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide. Washington, D.C.: U.S.: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]Library
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Microfiltration membrane technology provides a unique design solution for small communities (up to 10 000 people). This is especially true in remote locations where space and personnel are limited and where environmental considerations restrict or prohibit chemical and/or sludge disposal.
WACHINSKI, A.M. LIU, C. (2007): Design Considerations for Small Drinking Water Membrane Systems. Tucson, AZ: Water Conditioning & Purification Magazine URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/CENTRAL%20POLLUTION%20CONTROL%20BOARD%202010%20Status%20of%20Treatment%20Plants%20in%20India.jpg)
Three emerging treatment technologies, including membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and UV irradiation, hold great promise to provide alternatives for better protection of public health and the environment and thus are reviewed in this paper. The emphasis was placed on their basic principles, main applications, and new developments. Advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are compared.
CPCB (2010): Status of Water Treatment Plants in India. CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/BRAGHETTA%201997%20Practice%20of%20Chlorination.jpg)
This position paper provides an overview discussion on the practice of chlorination in water treatment. The discussion covers the following topics: general chlorination practice, chlorine disinfection capabilities, by-product formation, current regulations and use of alternative oxidants for disinfection.
BRAGHETTA, A. JACANGELO, J. TRUSSELL, R.R. MEHEUS, J. (1997): The Practice of Chlorination. Application, Efficacy, Problems and Alternatives. Colombo: The International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/EPA%202005%20Membrane%20Filtration%20Guidance%20Manual.jpg)
This manual from EPA provides technical information on the use of membrane filtration and application of the technology.
EPA (2005): Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual. Washington D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/WHO%202004%20Removal%20Processes.jpg)
This chapter considers various processes for the removal of microbes from water. In particular, it discusses: pre-treatment; coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; ion exchange; granular filtration; slow sand filtration.
WHO (2004): Chapter 2. Removal Processes. In: LECHAVELLIER, M. and AU, K-K (eds). Water Treatment and Pathogen Control - Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water. London (UK): World Health Organisation (WHO). IWA Publishing, pp. 05-40. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/FARCY%202010%20Membrane%20Saystems%20for%20the%20Fight%20Against%20Water%20Borne%20Contaminants.jpg)
This article outlines some key features of these membrane-based technologies and describes how they can be adapted to supply safe drinking water in remote communities and rural regions from the developing world.
FARCY, M. ; DOUCOURE, A. (2010): Membrane Systems for the Fight against Water-Borne Contaminants in Small Communities and Remote Areas from the Developing World: Accomplishments in Thailand and Some New Development in Sénégal and Mali . In: The Open Biology Journal: Volume 3 , 74-80. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/THORSEN%202006%20Nanofiltration%20in%20Drinking%20Water%20Treatment.jpg)
This report presents a literature review on nanofiltration.
THORSEN, T. FLOGSTAD, H. (2006): Nanofiltration in Drinking Water Treatment. Nieuwegein, The Netherlands: Techneau URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/BOARI%20et%20al%201997%20Technologies%20for%20Water%20and%20Wastewater%20Treatment.jpg)
This article presents a review of the technologies and processes which are used for water and wastewater treatment in order to remove the various constituents of the polluting load: solids organic carbon, nutrients, inorganic salts and metals, pathogens. A second part describes the advanced processes to reuse treated municipal effluents in agriculture and industries and the main technologies used for desalination.
BOARI, G. ; MANCINI, I.M. ; TRULLI, E. (1997): Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment. In: Séminaires Méditerranéens: Volume 31 , 261-287. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]Check out the movie about this low cost rollable water container for developing countries
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This document is about the combination of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis for the production of deionised water from surface waters.
CLEVER, M. ; JORDT, F. ; KNAUF, R. ; RABIGER, N. ; RUDEBUSCH, M. ; HILKER-SCHEIBEL, R. (2000): Process Water Production from River Water by Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis . In: Desalination: Volume 131 , 325-336. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/PRACTICAL%20PLASTICS%20ny%20Product%20Cataloge.jpg)
This brochure gives an overview of the large assortment of water storage plastic tank products.
PRACTICAL PLASTICS (n.y): Product Catalogue. Darwin: Practical Plastics Ltd URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/GRAHAM%20and%20VANDERSLICE%202007%20The%20Effectiveness%20of%20Large%20Household%20Water%20Storage%20Tanks.jpg)
This study evaluated changes in drinking water quality resulting from an intervention that provided large closed water storage tanks (2,500-gallons) to individual homes lacking a piped water supply.
GRAHAM, J.P. ; VANDERSLICE, J. (2007): The Effectiveness of Large Household Water Storage Tanks for Protecting the Quality of Drinking Water. In: Journal of Water and Health: , 307-313. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/SUBRAMANIAN%20Advanced%20Waste%20Water%20Treatment.jpg)
This document includes course contents on advanced treatment plants including suspended and dissolved solid removal, phosphate removal, dissolved organic compounds removal with different techniques.
SUBRAMANIAN, M.S. (n.y): Advanced Waste Water Treatment . Module 1.5. In: NPTEL: URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]This website provides an introduction of membrane processes including microfiltration nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration.