Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
Short general and technical description on single-vault UDDTs.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. Single-vault Dehydration Toilets with Urine-diversion . (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-B2 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This presentation offers the chance to learn about how to make different kinds of pedestals.
MORGAN, P. SHANGWA, A. (2009): How to Make Simple Pedestals. The Chisungu Primary School Water and Sanitation project. Stockholm : Ecological Sanitation Research (EcoSanRes), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Case study from urine crop trials in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, showing the possibility for improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield.
KASSA, K. ; MEINZINGER, F. ; ZEWDIE, W. (2010): Urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) for Agafari´s household Arba Minch, Ethiopia. In: ECOSANCLUB: URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
A 2-page factsheet summarizing the EcoSanRes ‘Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production’ publication with short information on urine as a fertilizer, application rates etc.
ECOSANRES (2008): Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production. Factsheet. (pdf presentation). (= EcoSanRes Factsheet , 6 ). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Short general and technical description on double-vault UDDTs.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. Double-vault Dehydration Toilets with Urine-diversion . (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-B1 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This is a short presentation about an innovative sanitation solution in floating communities in Cambodia.
HAGAN, J. BROWN, M. (2011): Design for Sustainable Sanitation - Floating Toilets. (= Pdf Presentation ). Phnom Penh and Melbourne: Live and Learn Environmental Education and Engineers without Borders URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Description of some examples of construction plans for dehydration toilets.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. Dehydration toilets Construction Plans – selected examples. (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-C1 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This lecture note, which is specifically prepared for the diploma level environmental health students, addresses the problem of human waste disposal or management. Different appropriate latrine technologies and on-site wastewater containment and treatment facilities are listed; their construction methods and the advantages/ disadvantages of each are included.
FARIS, K. ALEMAYEHU, T. WUBSHET, M. HAILU, D. (2002): Human and other Liquid Waste Management. Jimma and Atlanta: Jimma University URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This document contains a worldwide listing of suppliers for waterless urinals and urine diversion toilet pedestals and squatting pans.
MUENCH, E. (2010): Appendix: Worldwide Listing of Suppliers for Waterless Urinals and Urine Diversion Toilet Pedestals and Squatting Pans. (= Technology Review ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
The purpose of this guide is to present practical information on the handling, treatment, and disposal of septage in a concise, recommendations-oriented format for easy use by administrators of waste management programs, septage haulers, and managers or operators of septage handling facilities. The guide is not intended to provide detailed engineering design information.
U.S. EPA (1994): Guide to Septage Treatment and Disposal. (= EPA/625/R-94/002 ). Washingtion D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development URL [Accessed: 30.05.2019]Among other things, there is much information about the sewer collection system in the City of London, ON. There will be site specific situations where the design will depart from these practices as it is not possible nor is it the intention of the City to anticipate every situation.
This technical document contains information about small bore sewer systems.
OTIS, R. MARA, D. (1985): The Design of Small Bore Sewer Systems. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank URL [Accessed: 30.05.2019]
Among other things, there is much information about the sewer collection system in the City of London, (Ontario-Canada). There will be site-specific situations where the design will depart from these practices as it is not possible nor is it the intention of the City to anticipate every situation.
EESD (2003): Design Specification & Requirements Manual. Updated 2010. 4 Sewage Pumpoing Stations. London, Ontario (Canada): Environmental and Engineering Services Department (EESD) URL [Accessed: 30.05.2019]On this link you can find a short movie how a vacuum sewer system works.
These specifications give the minimum requirements for installation of pressure sewer lines, force mains and appurtenances in the City of Tullahoma, Tennessee.
TUB (2014): Design Criteria and Specifications for Pressure Sewers, Force Mains, Grinder Pumps and Appurtenances. Tullahoma: Tullahoma Utility Board (TUB) URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]
This wastewater technology fact sheet is a detailed description of the pressurised sewer system. This factsheet describes the pressurised sewer system as an alternative option to conventional sewers. It describes the system as well as advantages/disadvantages, performance, costs and applicability.
U.S. EPA (2002): Pressure Sewer. Pennsylvania: United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]
This is a very detailed lecture note about vacuum sewer systems. It contains descriptions, technical graphs and calculations about a vacuum sewer system.
PDH ENGINEER (2007): Vacuum Sewers: Design and Installation Guidelines. Alexandria, Virginia: Water Environment Federation URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]
The Schoalhaven City Council describes the system of pressurised sewering and its experiences.
SCHOALHAVEN WATER (n.y): Pressure Sewer System.. Shoalhaven: Shoalhaven City Council URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]