Library

https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/1343 [Accessed: 16.06.2019]

The NETSSAF tutorial for sustainable sanitation planning introduces a participatory planning approach. It targets planners of sanitation programmes in West Africa and provides guidance in facilitating “informed choices” in consultation with users and other stakeholders.

In sanitation and hygiene programme and service delivery, several methods are used to engage target groups in development programmes to enable behavioural change and/or create a demand for services. These methods or approaches are generally referred to as ‘software’, to distinguish them from the provision of ‚hardware‘. This publication takes an in-depth look at the various hygiene and sanitation software approaches that have been deployed over the last 40 years in all types of settings – urban, informal-urban and rural, and aims to address such issues as what a particular approach is designed to achieve, what it actually comprises, when and where it should be used, how it should be implemented and how much it costs, etc.

PEAL, A. EVANS, B. VAN DER WOORDEN, C. (2010): Hygiene and Sanitation Software. An Overview of Approaches. Geneva: Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) URL [Accessed: 16.06.2019]

Planning tools related to sustainable sanitation are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, a case study about the application of the framework in Lamborö, Sweden gives some interesting insights about challenges using the approach practically.

KVARNSTROEM, E. MCCONVILLE, J. (2007): Sanitation Planning – A Tool to Achieve Sustainable Sanitation?. Stockholm: Stockholm Environmental Institute URL [Accessed: 16.06.2019]

The manual of the OPPS approach provides detailed information about the application of the framework.

KVARNSTROEM, E. AF PETERSENS, E. (2004): Open Planning of Sanitation Systems. Stockholm: Stockholm Environmental Institute URL [Accessed: 16.06.2019]

This document reflects the framework of Sanitation 21 very detailed. Hence, it explains the single parts of the framework comprehensible.

IWA (2005): Sanitation 21. Simple Approaches to Complex Sanitation. A Draft Framework for Analysis . London: International Water Association IWA. URL [Accessed: 16.06.2019]

The purpose of this brochure is to inform about various planning approaches, strategies, priorities and directions in the area of sustainable sanitation.

MUELLEGGER, E. ; LECHNER, M. (2008): Solutions in Sanitation. Planning Principles. Wien: Austrian Development Agency URL [Accessed: 16.06.2019]

Chile is known as the world’s leading example of the free-market approach to water law and economics. This publication summarises the Chilean experience, showing benefits and problems.

BAUER, C. (2003): Marketing Water, Marketing Reform. Lessons from the Chilean Experience. Washington D.C.: Resources for the Future (RFF) URL [Accessed: 14.06.2019]

Comparison of two cases where tradable water rights were implemented in rural South Africa. In one case, the market for water rights bloomed, whereas in the other case transactions did not follow due to a lack of sellers

ARMITAGE, R. ; NIEUWOUDT, W. ; BACKEBERG, G. (1999): Establishing Tradable Water Rights. Case Studies of two Irrigation Districts in South Africa. In: Water SA: Volume 25 , 301-310. URL [Accessed: 14.06.2019]

Case study on constructed wetlands for a peri-urban housing area. Septic tanks are used to pre-treat the sewage. The pre-treated wastewater is transported through a small-bore sewer system.

LIPKOW, U. MUENCH, E. von (2010): Constructed Wetland for a Peri-urban Housing Area Bayawan City, Philippines. (= SuSanA – Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

In July 2012, a team from RTI International deployed to the Philippines to evaluate four FSM programs with the goal of reporting on best practices and lessons learned. The four cases—Dumaguete City, San Fernando City, Maynilad Water for the west zone of metro Manila, and Manila Water from the east zone of metro Manila—were chosen to highlight their different approaches to implementing FSM.

ROBBINS, D. STRANDE, L. DOCZI, J. (2012): Opportunities in Fecal Sludge Management for Cities in Developing Countries: Experiences from the Philippines. North Carolina: RTI International URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

Within the BMZ (German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development) financed project on “Advice on the Decentralisation of the Water and Sewerage Sector in Albania” the GIZ and MPWT (Albanian Ministry of Public Works and Transport) initiated the pilot constructed wetland to raise awareness for low cost, appropriate and decentralised sanitation technologies in line with EU standards. It is aimed to be used as a model treatment plant by the main actors of the sector for training, demonstration, research and replication in peri-urban and rural areas of Albania.

GJINALI, E. NIKLAS, J. (2009): Wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands Tirana, Albania - draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

The underlying philosophy of phytoremediation research at UFZ (Centre for Environmental Research) is to exploit and to optimise the processes in the rhizosphere. Low-cost, simple systems will be developed to control the environmental problems of different countries in several continents irrespective of their industrial capabilities and conditions – without losing sight of the key principle of cleaning up polluted environmental media in a natural, ecologically balanced way.

KUSCHK, P. WIESSNER, A. MUELLER, R. KAESTNER, M. (2005): Constructed Wetlands – Treating Wastewater with Cenoses of Plants and Microorganisms. Leipzig-Halle: UFZ Centre for Environmental Research URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

Hybrid constructed wetland systems have recently been used to treat wastewaters where high demand for removal of ammonia is required. However, these systems have not been used too often for small onsite treatment systems. This study describes an experimental system for mechanically pre-treated wastewater.

VYMAZAL, J. ; KROEPFELOVÀ, L. (2011): A three-stage experimental constructed wetland for treatment of domestic sewage: First 2 years of operation. In: Ecological Engineering : Volume 37 , 90-98. URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

This technical document describes scrubbing systems for the removal of ammonia from waste gases.

RVT (2010): Ammonia Recovery/ Ammonia Removal from Liquids and Gases. Steinwiesen: RVT Process Equipment GmBH URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

This essay describes the horizontal sub-surface flow and the two basic designs of hybrid constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.

VYMAZAL, J. (2005): Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow and Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Systems for Wastewater Treatment. Durham: Duke University Wetland Center URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

Over the past three decades, anthropogenic emissions of chemical compounds into the atmosphere have caused many environmental and health problems. Some chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are produced deliberately and end up in the atmosphere by accident from equipment or goods. Others, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), are unavoidable by-products of burning fossil fuels. Urban air pollution, acid rain, contamination by toxic chemicals (some of them persistent and transported over long distances), depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and changes in the global climatic system are all important environmental threats to ecosystems and human wellbeing.

UNEP (2002): State of the Environment and Policy Retrospective: 1972–2002. Chapter 2-7: Atmosphere. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

Read more about environmental problems caused by incineration plants in the United Kingdom.

GREENPEACE (n.y): Pollution and Health Impacts of Waste Incinerators. London: Greenpeace U.K. URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

EISENMANN (n.y): Waste Disposal - Eisenmann Fluidized Bed Incineration. Holzgerlingen: EISENMANN Anlagenbau GmbH & Co URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

Use of ion exchange processes as in the BioCon-process, make it possible to recover the phosphate as phosphoric acid, which is produced from apatite ore, thus preserving the limited apatite resources and the resources, mainly sulphur, needed for producing phosphoric acid from apatite.

LEVLIN, E. (n.y): Recovery of Phosphate from Sewage Sludge and Separation of Metals by Ion Exchange. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]

Read more about chamber filter presses and their applications, benefits and options in this paper.

PARKSON (2008): Filter Presses. Manual, Semi-Automatic, Automatic. Fort Lauderdale: Parkson Corporation URL [Accessed: 10.06.2019]