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Companies and organizations must cope with the challenge of a demanded sustainability. Collaboration and competition represent a promising approach. The objective of this work is to develop strategies for competition and collaboration which enable increased economical benefit while boosting sustainability issues. The research is focused on value creation strategies, competition, collaboration and their impact as drivers for technological progress. Analysis based on scenarios and forecast reports about value creation in the remanufacturing area of production equipment are carried out. The target is to collect and rank criteria for an evaluation of business strategy regarding sustainability. Existing business strategies for industrial value creation are transferred to the field of remanufacturing analyzed as well as characterized regarding the gathered criteria to support sustainable acting between partners in value creation networks for remanufacturing of production equipment. KeywordsCollaboration-competition-strategies-production equipment

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LIEMBERGER, R. & WYATT, A. (2018): Quantifying the global non-revenue water problem.. In: Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply: Volume 19 Issue 3, 831-837. URL [Accessed: 07.08.2020]

EL-ZAHAB, S. and ZAYED, T. (2019): Leak detection in water distribution networks: an introductory overview. In: Smart Water Journal : Volume 5 Issue 4 URL [Accessed: 07.08.2020]

DAUDEY, L. (2018): The cost of urban sanitation solutions: a literature review.. In: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development: Volume 8 Issue 2, 176-195. URL [Accessed: 07.08.2020]

TRUSLOVE, J.P., COULSON, A.B., NHLEMA, M., MBALAME, E. & KALIN, R.N. (2020): Reflecting SDG 6.1 in Rural Water Supply Tariffs: Considering ‘Affordability’ Versus ‘Operations and Maintenance Costs’ in Malawi. In: Sustainability : Volume 12 Issue 2, 744. URL [Accessed: 07.08.2020]

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KRISHNA, R., KVARNSTROM, C., MARIO.E., DRECHSEL, L. & DRECHSEL,P. (2016): Business models for feacal sludge management. In: About the Resource Recovery and Reuse : Volume 6

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So far, there are very few empirical research studies available on the outsourcing pattern among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to examine strategic outsourcing among Icelandic SME service firms, from 2009 to 2018.

EDVARSSON, I., DURST, S. & OSKARSSON, G. (2019): Strategic outsourcing in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. In: Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development: Volume 27 Issue 1, 73-84. URL [Accessed: 29.07.2020]

BUSINESS DIRECTORY http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cross-subsidization.html [Accessed: 29.07.2020]

Mindtool.com (2020): https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_45.htm. [Accessed: 29.07.2020]

https://businessmodelnavigator.com/pattern?id=7in [Accessed: 29.07.2020]

DEWHURST, R.N., FURLONG, C., TRIPATHI, S., TEMPLETON, M.R. AND SCOTT, R.E. (2019): Evaluating the viability of establishing container-based sanitation in low-income settlements. In: Waterlines: Volume 38 Issue 3, 154–169. URL [Accessed: 29.07.2020]