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In 2000, three pilot ecosan toilets with agricultural reuse were setup in two Ugandan districts. Operation and maintenance by the end users proved a nightmare since sustainability, multicultural and religious issues were some of the aspects initially not considered. This led to the failure of the system to separate faeces and urine and be able to dehydrate the former. Further sensitisation of the population was repeated and after three months the operation and maintenance of the system improved.

KAGGWA, R. KIWANUKA, S. OKURUT OKIA, T. BAGAMBE, F. KANYESIGYE, CH. (n.y): Experiences in Setting Up Ecosan Toilets in Shoreline Settlements in Uganda. Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project

This sticker provides messages and slogan on Solid Waste Management. “Askai” is the mascot for solid waste management in Nepal.

JICA (n.y): Askai Sticker. Kathmandu: Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Kathmandu Metropolitan City

This document consolidates the working procedures and implementation protocols of the four WATERUN tools (PRODUCT1–PRODUCT4) and presents their application to the Santiago de Compostela, Aarhus and Amman case studies, including the Blue-Green Infrastructure deployed in the Tambre and Sionlla industrial areas of Santiago.

WATERUN CONSORTIUM (2025): Deliverable D5.6. Guidance Document on WATERUN Tools for IUWMP Support. WATERUN Project, EU Horizon Europe Grant Agreement No. 101060922. Lead Beneficiary: UFZ. Document not yet publicly available.

BARBER, W.P. ; STUCKEY D.C. (1999): The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment- A review. In: Wat. Res: Volume 33 , 7.

GIIN (2018): What you need to know about impact investing. New York: Global Impact Investing Network URL

A training plan is designed to plan the sessions with the resources available during the training. This helps to plan the whole training effectively, leading to the satisfaction of both trainers and trainees.

SATISH, S. (2010): Sample Format of Training Plan Template. Pune: SSWM Toolbox

This factsheet shares the experiences of implementation of community based solid waste management project at Dhaka. It describes summary of project activities including major lessons learnt, impact and replicability of the project.

WASTE CONCERN ; UNDP (2005): Waste is Resource. Factsheet.

This report of a group project by the University of Cranfield assesses the effectiveness of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in measuring progress along the results chain. The assessment is conducted by analysing different Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) approaches in the WASH sector and leads to recommendations for the Centre of Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) to incorporate into their M&E approach.

ABUBAKARI, Z. KUNIMOTO, S. NEILL, R. SUTCLIFFE, A. ZETEK, U. (2013): Approaches and Practices in Monitoring and Evaluation of Capacity Building within the WASH Sector. Group Project Report. Cranfield: Cranfield University and Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST)

This pdf contains questions as an exercise for the STEP University Module 2. The questions cover the topic: Water treatment.

JENSSEN, P.D. (2012): Questions Module 2: Water Treatment. PDF

This presentation gives an introduction to HCES and the Bellagio principles, focussing on stakeholder participation and introducing the GTZ Ecosan project steps. Furthermore, some ecosan pilot projects are presented, and challenges for further implementation highlighted.

WERNER, C. KLINGEL, F. MANG, H. P. BRACKEN, P. PANESAR, A. (2005): Planning and Implementation of Ecological Sanitation Projects. Eschborn: Ecological Sanitation Programme of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ)

This presentation contains an analysis of different household water treatment options with different research findings on boiling.

CLASEN, T. (2008): Household Water Treatment: effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and the challenges and policy issues of scaling up. (Presentation). London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

The city of Kuching is currently lacking a wastewater treatment plant, and the local subsurface conditions make a conventional centralised wastewater system expensive to implement. Most buildings are equipped with two separate wastewater outlets, one outlet for blackwater and one for greywater. The proposed system treats greywater from nine households, and consists of a baffled septic tank, followed by a dosing chamber from where the greywater flows into four vertical down-flow, single-pass aerobic biofilters before reaching a subsurface horizontal-flow planted filter. Finally, the treated greywater is discharged into a stormwater drain.

MOREL A. DIENER S. (2006): Ecosan Greywater Demonstration Project. Case study from Kuching, Malaysia. In: MOREL, A. ; DIENER, S. ; (2006): Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of Different Treatment Systems for Households or Neighbourhoods. Duebendorf: 76-79.

SYTNIK, S. (2012): Right Displaced: The Effects of Long-Term Encampment n the Human Rights of Refugees. (= Refugee Law Initiative, Working Paper No. 4 ). London: London School of Economics and Political Science

Agenda/Courseplan from the SSWM Training of Trainers held at the University of Zambia in Lusaka Zambia in June 2012.

SEECON (2012): SSWM Training of Trainers Lusaka 2012 Agenda.

SCHELWALD-VAN DER KLEY, L. REIJERKERK, L. (2009): Water: A Way of Life. Sustainable Water Management in a Cultural Context. Leiden: CRC Press

DESAI, A.G. (n.y): Hydraulic Tables for Pipelines, Circular Sewers and Drains. Ahmedabad: Deep Publishers

TCHOBANOGLOUS, G. BURTON, F. L. STENSEL, H. D. METCALF & EDDY Inc. (2003): Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse. (= Fourth Edition ). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

MADDEN, K., YOUNG, R., BRADY, K., HALL, J. (2006): Eco-efficiency. Learning Module. World . In: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, WBCSD. :

These guidelines provide a thorough background on the safe use of urine and faeces for agricultural purposes. Aspects like the health risk associated we the use of human excreta in agriculture and how to limit them are discussed.

SCHOENNING, C. STENSTROEM, T.A. (2004): Guidelines on the Safe Use of Urine and Faeces in Ecological Sanitation Systems. (= EcoSanRes Publication Series ). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

EARWAKER, P. (2006): Evaluation of Household Biosand Filters in Ethiopia. (= Master Thesis ). Silsoe: Cranfield University