The website of the expert NGO BORDA (Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association) provides information on decentralised sanitation systems, including the decentralised wastewater treatment solutions (DEWATS) developed and implemented by the organisation. It also includes case studies from India, Afghanistan, Cambodia and Tanzania.
https://www.borda.org/solutions/decentralised-sanitation-systems-2/#dewats [Accessed: 03.05.2023]Library
KIM, B., BEL, T., BOURDONCLE, P., DIMARE, J., TROESCH, S., and MOLLE, P.
(2018):
Septage Unit Treatment by Sludge Treatment Reed Beds for Easy Management and Reuse: Performance and Design Considerations.
In: Water Science and Technology:
Volume 77
Issue 2, p. 279-285.
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
Website describing the main characteristic of horizontal flow constructed wetlands.
https://akvopedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_Subsurface_Flow_Constructed_Wetland [Accessed: 03.05.2023]
VIPAT, V., SINGH, U.R. and BILLORE, S.K.
(2008):
Efficacy of Rootzone Technology for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater.
Field Scale Study of a Pilot Project in Bhopal (MP), India. (=Proceedings of Taal2007: the 12th World Lake Conference. Sengupta M and Dalwani R. Jaipur. pp 995-1003). .
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
PDF
This book contains information and guidelines regarding the management of faecal sludge and septage, referring to low- and middle-income countries, with details about the available technologies for the treatment of the solid and the liquid part of faecal sludge.
TAYLER, K. (2018): Faecal Sludge and Septage Treatment: A Guide for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing URL [Accessed: 03.05.2023] PDF
WALLACE, S., OIRSCHOT, D. and STEFANAKIS, A.
(2020):
Practical information on design of specific wetland types and typical pitfalls: Aerated wetlands.
In:
LANGERGRABER, G., DOTRO, G., NIVALA, J., RIZZO, A. and STEIN, O. (Eds.)
;
(2019):
Wetland Technology. Practical Information on the Design and Application of Treatment Wetlands.
Scientific and Technical Report Nº 27.
London:
.
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
PDF
MOREL, A. and DIENER, S.
(2006):
Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries - Review of Different Treatment Systems for Households or Neighbourhoods.
Sandec Report No. 14/06..
Dübendorf, Switzerland:
Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC) at Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG).
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
PDF
Website describing the main characteristic of Planted Drying Beds.
https://akvopedia.org/wiki/Planted_Drying_Beds [Accessed: 03.05.2023]
This book intends to provide basic knowledge about the technology to non-technical project managers, help the technical specialist to understand where technical simplification is required in order to disseminate the technology in its typical decentralised context, and is designed to assist senior development planners who need to understand the specifics of decentralised wastewater treatment technology sufficiently in order to select or approve appropriate strategies for its dissemination.
SASSE, L. (1998): DEWATS Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. Delhi: Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA). URL [Accessed: 03.05.2023] PDF
HIGGINS, J., WALLACE, S., MINKEL, K., WAGNER, R., LINER, M., and MEAL, G.
(2011):
The Design and Operation of a Very Large Vertical Sub-Surface Flow Engineered Wetland to Treat Spent Deicing Fluids and Glycol-Contaminated Stormwater at Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
In: Water Practice and Technology:
Volume 6
Issue 3
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
On-line course on FSM by Linda Strande (EAWAG) and other experts, including a lecture on Planted Drying Beds.
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/faecalsludge/3-4-planted-drying-beds-sBNBJ [Accessed: 03.05.2023]
This handbook is prepared with the motive of providing basic guidance to decision makers at the state and city level in India to assess and plan for decentralised sanitation modules where on-site sanitation system is being practiced.
NIUA (2017): Handbook on Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Module. Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA). URL [Accessed: 03.05.2023] PDF
NIVALA, J., KAHL, S., BOOG, J., VAN AFFERDEN, M., REEMTSMA, T., and MÜLLER, R. A.
(2019):
Dynamics of Emerging Organic Contaminant Removal in Conventional and Intensified Subsurface Flow Treatment Wetlands.
In: Science of the Total Environment:
Volume 649
, p. 1144-1156.
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
BILLORE, S.K., SINGH, N., SHARMA, J.K., DASS, P. and NELSON, R.M.
(1999):
Horizontal Subsurface Flow Gravel Bed Constructed Wetland with Phragmites Karka in Central India.
In: Water Science and Technology, 40 (3), 163–171. London: International Water Association (IWA) Publishing:
URL
[Accessed: 03.05.2023]
This factsheet summarises the advantages and disadvantages, key features and design considerations, and operational, maintenance and applicability aspects of the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor.
https://sswm.info/taxonomy/term/3931/anaerobic-baffled-reactor-(abr) [Accessed: 03.05.2023]
This document belongs to chapter 5 based on the design of specific wetland types. In this particular case it is about aerated wetlands and provides information on their design, operation and maintenance.
WALLACE, S., OIRSCHOT, D. and STEFANAKIS, A. (2020): Practical information on design of specific wetland types and typical pitfalls: Aerated wetlands. In: LANGERGRABER, G., DOTRO, G., NIVALA, J., RIZZO, A. and STEIN, O. (Eds.) ; (2019): Wetland Technology. Practical Information on the Design and Application of Treatment Wetlands. Scientific and Technical Report Nº 27. London: . URL [Accessed: 03.05.2023] PDF