This webpage provides a simple description including advantages and disadvantages of boiling water as HWTS options.
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The three arsenic removal technologies (Three-Gagri System, the Jerry Can System, and the Arsenic Treatment Unit (ATU)) were evaluated for their effectiveness and appropriateness.
HURD, J.J. (2001): Evaluation of Three Arsenic Removal Technologies in Nepal. (= Master-Thesis ). Los Angeles: University of California URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This paper tries to assess improvement of microbiological quality in drinking water by boiling and cost analysis of boiling in Virar, Vasai and Nalasopara, three sprawling semi-urban communities in India.
CLASEN, T. MCLAUGHLIN, C. NAYAAR, N. BOISSON, S. GUPTA, R. DESAI, D. SHAH, N. (2008): Microbiological Effectiveness and Cost of Disinfecting Water by Boiling in Semi-urban India. Deerfield: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASRMH) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This link provides information on HWTS (background information, technical information, further weblinks etc.) and the WHO network to promote HWTS worldwide.
This web link contains a general discussion on different arsenic removal options for controlling risk.
This review paper summarizes the problem of household water treatment and discusses chlorination, solar disinfection, and safe storage as household water treatment options.
MINTZ, E. ; BARTRAM, J. ; LOCHERY, P. ; WEGELIN, M. (2001): Not Just a Drop in the Bucket: Expanding Access to Point-of-Use Water Treatment Systems. In: American Journal of Public Health: Volume 91 , 1565-1570. URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Resource Development International (RDI) has implemented various projects designed to provide clean water to rural villagers of Cambodia. This page briefly describes some of the explored technical solutions, including ceramic filtration, rainwater harvesting, arsenic testing, pumps and some latrines.
Read more about EAWAGs Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) technology project. There also downloads available.
A 3-page factsheet on water boiling, focussing on treatment efficiency, operating criteria and other information on boiling.
CAWST (2009): Boiling. Fact Sheet. Calgary: Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]In this brochure, the Life Straw concept is described as well as the reasons of it development and how this filters have to be operated and maintained.
VESTERGAARD FRANDSEN (2011): Life Straw. Lausanne: Vestergaard Frandsen URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Simplified factsheet on the principles, construction, operation and maintenance of ceramic pot filters for drinking water treatment ion developing countries.
CAWST (2009): Ceramic Pot Filter. Fact Sheet - Simplified. (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet - Simplified ). Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Posters - The presentation includes 30 posters with key messages and questions on water, hygiene and sanitation. They are adapted for different regions including: Africa, Latin America, South Asia, Southeast Asia; and are available in multiple languages.
CAWST (2008): Water Hygiene Sanitation Poster Presentation. Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Factsheet compilation on the principles, construction, operation and maintenance of HWTS options.
CAWST (2009): Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets - Academic. Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Many of the most common diseases found in traumatized communities after a disaster or emergency are related to drinking contaminated water. This factsheet concentrates on the problems caused by drinking water contaminated by micro-organisms and their reduction by chlorination.
WHO (2005): How to measure chlorine residual in water. (= Technical Notes for Emergencies , 11 ). Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]Factsheet on chlorination with sodium hypochlorite solutions.
CAWST (2009): Chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite). (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets – Academic ). Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]