Library

seecon (n.y): SSWM Toolbox: Water Purification. SSWM URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

Technical information on the advantages and main technologies of anaerobic digestion treatment for wastewaters in developing countries.

NATURGERECHTE TECHNOLOGIEN ; Bau- und Wirtschaftsberatung (TBW) GmbH (2001): Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater treatment. (= Technical Information W3e ). German Agency for Technical Cooperation GmbH (GTZ) and German Appropriate Technology Exchange (GATE) URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

BRUYN, J. de HOUSE, H. RODENBURG, J. (2006): Ontario Large Herd Operators European Anaerobic Digestion Tour Report. Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands : Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

The document gives an overview on the combined composting of (faecal) sludges and organic solid waste based on a pilot project in Kumasi, Ghana. Results of the investigation should help the city’s waste management department to develop its biosolids management strategy and enable the project team to develop guidelines for planners and engineers on the option of co-composting.

STRAUSS, M. DRESCHER, S. ZURBRUEGG, C. MONTANGERO, A. OLUFUNKE, C. DRECHSEL, P. (2003): Co-composting of Faecal Sludge and Municipal Organic Waste. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG), Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC) and International Water Management Institute (IWMI) URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

This booklet reflects seven years of experience of the Biogas Extension Service (BES) of CAMARTEC (Centre for Agricultural Mechanization and Rural Technology) in Arusha/Tanzania, which was carried out in cooperation with the GTZ from 1983 to 1986. It is meant as a teaching aid in agricultural colleges and as a reference book for professionals working in the field of rural biogas extension.

SASSE, L. (1991): Improved Biogas Unit for Developing Countries. German Appropriate Technology Exchange (GATE) and German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

This chapter discusses the potential of slash-and-char agriculture as an alternative to slash-and-burn and the effects on microbial cycling of nutrients nitrogen fixation in the soils. Focus is held on highly weathered soils in the humid tropics.

LEHMANN, J. RONDON, M. (2006): Bio-Char Soil Management on Highly Weathered Soils in the Humid Tropics. In: UPHIFF, N. ; BALLl, A. ; FERNANDES, E. ; HERREN, H. ; HUSSON, O. ; LAING, M. ; PALM, C. ; PRETTY, J. ; SANCHEZ, P. ; SANGINGA, N. ; THIES, J. (2006): Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems. 517-530. URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

An article on the potential of carbon sequestration by integrating charcoal (bio-char) into the soils.

LEHMANN, J. (2007): A handful of carbon – commentary. In: Nature: Volume 447 , 143-144. URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

This informal paper argues that composting should be a more widespread practice, especially in developing countries. It reviews past composting experiences and provides an outline for municipal managers to use when evaluating composting programs within an integrated municipal waste management system.

HOORNWEG, D. THOMAS, L. OTTEN, L. (2000): Composting and Its Applicability in Developing Countries. (= Urban Waste Management Working Paper Series , 8 ). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

The aim of this publication is to present and discuss the design drawings, from which a struvite precipitation reactor can be built. In addition, a breakdown of the building costs and some suggestions for improvements are presented.

ZANDEE, M. ETTER, B. (2011): Low-cost Struvite Reactor - Construction Manual. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

Volume II of the Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater provides information on the assessment and management of risks associated with microbial hazards and toxic chemicals. It explains requirements to promote the safe use of wastewater in agriculture, including minimum procedures and specific health-based targets, and how those requirements are intended to be used. It also describes the approaches used in deriving the guidelines, including health-based targets, and includes a substantive revision of approaches to ensuring microbial safety.

WHO (2006): Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater excreta and greywater. Volume II. Wastewater Use in Agriculture. Geneva: World Health Organisation URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019] PDF

Poster presentation on initial research findings on the development of synthetic terra preta that could be as effective in promoting plant growth and in sequestering carbon as terra preta.

CHIA, C. H. ; JOSEPH, S. D. ; MUNROE, P. ; LIN, Y. ; HOOK, J. ; SHASHA, A. ; ZWIETEN, L. van ; KIMBER, S. ; COWIE, A. ; SINGH, B. ; LEHMANN, J. ; HANLEY, K. ; BLACKWELL, P. ; CARTER, E. ; MANNING, D. A. C. ; FIALIPS, C. I. A. (2009): Development of Synthetic Terra Preta (STP): Characterisation and Initial Research Findings. In: Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Biochar Conference 2009, Gold Coast Australia 17 to 20 May, 2009. Australian and New Zealand Biochar Researchers Network: URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

This document contains a short review on biogas technology and an overview on the green productivity concept and community development. It also contains a detailed construction manual for fixed-dome biogas plant at the household level for the digestion of animal dung. An operation manual is also given and wide information on biogas appliances, such as cooking stoves and reuse of remaining compost from the digesters.

KOOTTATEP, S. OMPONT, M. HWA, T.J. (2004): Biogas: GP Option for Community Development. Asian Productivity Organization (APO) URL [Accessed: 05.06.2019]

While Switzerland's wastewater treatment plants are of a high technical standard, the elimination of nutrients remains costly and energy-intensive. Eawag has now further developed a biological process, which simplifies the removal of nitrogen from sludge digester liquid, reducing costs by 50% for this treatment step.

EAWAG (2010): Reducing Wastewater Treatment Costs and Energy Consumption. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

This article focuses on a few of the most exciting, very recent developments in the nitrogen cycle, summarises the changes and points out some questions to guide future research. The main processes of interest are anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), aerobic nitrification by archaea, nitrogen fixation by unicellular marine cyanobacteria, and the issue of the balance and coupling between internal input and removal pathways.

WARD, B.B. ; CAPONE, D.G. ; ZEHR, J.P. (2011): What’s New in the Nitrogen Cycle?. In: Oceanography: Volume 20 , 101-109. URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

Check out this pdf-presentation about an IFAS project, how it was designed, constructed and its performance.

FLAMMING, J. (n.y): Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) System for Additional Nitrification at the Coldwater WWTP. (= PDF Presentation ). Grand Rapids: Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. (FTC&H) URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation processes with nitrite to N2 (anammox) has become a main focus and been widely introduced as a cost-effective biological nitrogen removal way in wastewater treatment. This paper reviews various patents, which were well developed to achieve this process, such as SHARON-Anammox, CANON, and OLAND.

LI, A. ; SUN, G. ; XU, M. (2008): Recent Patents on Anammox Process. In: Recent Patents on Engineering 2008: Volume 2 , 189-194. URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

This study was intended to identify and test an appropriate and effective solution for the lack of adequate wastewater treatment in these communities. The MBR system, employing a Zenon ZW-10 ultrafiltration membrane, was designed and constructed at the University of Manitoba. It was installed and tested in two phases at the Opaskwayak Cree Nation Reserve in Northern Manitoba.

FREDERICKSON, K.C. (2005): The Application of a Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment. (= Master Thesis ). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

These guidance notes are designed to provide state governments and urban local bodies with additional information on available technologies on sanitation. The notes also aid in making an informed choice and explain the suitability of approaches.

WSP (2008): Technology Options for Urban Sanitation in India. A Guide to Decision-Making. pdf presentation. New Delhi: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

MIKLED (n.y): Development of biogas technology for livestock farms in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]

In this chapter, the authors have covered several aspects of MBR, with an exhaustive overview of its operational and biological performance. Different configurations and hydraulics of MBR are presented, with attention given to the fouling phenomenon and strategies for reducing it. Also, the high quality of MBR effluent is discussed, whereas in comparison with CAS removals of organic matter, ammonia, phosphorus, solids, bacteria and viruses are significantly enhanced.

RADJENOVIC, J. MATOSIC, M. MIJATOVIC, I. PETROVIC, M. (2008): Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology. In: BARCELO, D. ; PETROVIC, M. (2008): Emerging Contaminants from Industrial and Municipal Waste. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Berlin-Heidelberg: 37-101. URL [Accessed: 03.06.2019]