The energy cost is one of the most important cost components in water supply systems. Since large amounts of electricity are required to pump, transport and apply water, the profitability of some business, as irrigation districts or fishfarms, which use water as a production resource, is heavily dependent upon energy costs. Methodologies that can maximize energy cost savings while satisfying system performance criteria should be sought for the design and management of the water distribution systems. Some of these methods can be: (a) to improve the selection and/or operation of pumping stations; and (b) to include a regulating reservoir between the water supply source and the delivery system. In this chapter, one model that includes both alternatives is presented.
PULIDO-CALVO, I. ; GUTIERREZ-ESTRADA, J.C. (2011): Selection and Operation of Pumping Stations of Water Distribution Systems. In: Environmental Research Journal: Volume 5 , 1-20. URL [Accessed: 07.05.2012]