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The paper describes the bacterial diversity and community structures of a pristine forest soil and an anthropogenic terra preta from the Western Amazonian forest using molecular methods to identify the predominant phylogenetic groups. The survey provides a detailed analysis of the composition and structure of bacterial communities in terra preta anthrosols.

KIM, J. S. ; SPAROVEK, G. ; LONGO, R. M. ; MELO, W. J. de ; CROWLEY, D. (2007): Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the Western Amazon. In: Soil Biology and Biochemistry: Volume 39 , 684-690. URL [Accessed: 11.05.2019]

This poster illustrates how to transform faecal waste to usable compost.

NETWAS (n.y): Primary and Secondary Processing of Ecosan By-Products. Kampala: Network for Water and Sanitation (NETWAS) URL [Accessed: 11.05.2019]

This diploma thesis describes the production of terra preta (collection, lacto-fermentation, vermicomposting) as a new sanitation concept (in german).

HESTERMANN, N. (2010): Herstellung von Terra Preta bei der Umsetzung ökologischer Sanitärkonzepte. (= Diplomarbeit ). Hamburg Harburg: Techische Universität Hamburg Harburg TUHH) URL [Accessed: 11.05.2019]

Critical article on the sustainability of burning biomass to produce terra preta for climate change mitigation.

KLEINER, K. (2009): The bright prospect of biochar. In: Nature reports climate change: Volume 3 , 72-74. URL [Accessed: 11.05.2019]

The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of terra preta sanitation (TPS) systems as an alternative sanitation option. The effects of lactic-aid conditions in urine-separation dry toilets and a subsequent treatment by vermicomposting are assessed. Research focused on analysing standard chemical and biochemical properties of the toilet products to evaluate their stability and maturity, and establish nutrient status.

FACTURA, H. ; BETTENDORF, T. ; BUZIE, C. ; PIEPLOW, H. ; RECKIN, J. ; OTTERPOHL, R. (2010): Terra Preta Sanitation: re-discovered from an ancient Amazonian civilisation - integrating sanitation, bio-waste management and agriculture. In: Water Science and Technology, accepted for publication: URL [Accessed: 10.05.2019]

This guide provides a concise technical guide to build a micro hydro system, with sufficient technological knowledge. Aspects such as capacity, equipment and permissions are discussed in this document. This report provides a special section on water wheels.

HILL, P. (2009): How to Develop a Micro Hydro Scheme. West Yorks, U.K.: Alternative Technology Centre URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

This document presents general specifications on low head and small-scale hydroelectric power plants.

TOSHIBA (2011): Hydro-eKids Micro Hydro Power Generating Equipment. Tokyo: Toshiba Corporation URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

The guideline document (the “Toolbox”) is intended to provide the above mentioned groups with a selection of methods and tools to mitigate the effects of stormwater run-off from countryside living areas. All these councils are committed to a policy of avoiding, remedying or mitigating the adverse effects from stormwater discharges on the receiving environment to the greatest extent possible.

ARC (2010): The Countryside Living Toolbox: A Guide for the Management of Stormwater Discharges in Countryside Living Areas in the Auckland Region. Auckland: Auckland Regional Council (ARC) URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

The present research paper discusses the health, environment and agriculture benefits of micro hydropower to final users in Nepal.

ANUP, G. ; BRYCESON, I. ; SANG-EUN, O. (2011): Micro-Hydropower: A Promising Decentralized Renewable Technology and its Impact on Rural Livelihoods. In: Scientific Research and Essays : Volume 6 , 1240-1248. URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

This book describes in an easy-to-understand and picture-based way how to construct three different low cost sanitation solutions, namely arborloos, fossa alterna and urine diversion toilets.

MORGAN, P. EcoSanRes (2007): Toilets That Make Compost . Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

The present report discusses a questionnaire approach to determine the effects of hydropower in terms of environmental and social impacts and the efficiency of applied mitigation measures implemented worldwide. A key element of this work was a questionnaire survey based on five topics: identification of key issues, verification of impacts, mitigation measures and regulatory approval process.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY (2000): Hydropower and the Environment: Survey of the Environmental and Social Impacts and the effectiveness of Mitigation Measures in Hydropower Development. Paris: International Energy Agency (IEA) URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

SINGH, D. (2009): Micro Hydro Power Resource Assessment Handbook. New Delhi, India: Renewable Energy Cooperation- Network for the Asia Pacific (RECAP) URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

Water and energy have crucial impacts on poverty alleviation both directly, as a number of the Millennium Development Goals depend on major improvements in access to water, sanitation, power and energy sources, and indirectly, as water and energy can be binding constraints on economic growth – the ultimate hope for widespread poverty reduction.The Report provides a comprehensive overview of major and emerging trends on water use and energy generation from around the world.

UNESCO (2014): The United Nations World Water Development Report 2014. Water and Energy. Paris: UNESCO. The United Nations World Water Development Report, vol.1 URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and associated infrastructure is the largest integrated water project built in the history of the world. It has also been one of the most controversial due to its massive environmental, economic, and social impacts.

GLEICK, P. (2009): Water brief 3: Three Gorges Dam Project, Yangtze River, China. In: GLEICK, P. ; COOLEY, H. ; COHEN, M. ; MORIKAWA, M. ; MORRISON, J. ; PALANIAPPAN, M. ; (2009): The World’s Water 2008 – 2009. The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. London: 139 – 150. URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

This book is about ways of building and managing the various simple eco-toilets designs. It discusses the important subject of using the recycled materials in agriculture with the help of many working examples.

Morgan, P. (2014): An Ecological Approach to Sanitation in Africa. A Compilation of Experiences. Harare: Aquamor URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

LIMA, I. ; RAMOS, F. ; BAMBACE, L. ; ROSA, R. (2008): Methane Emissions from Large Dams as Renewable Energy Resources: A Developing Nation Perspective. In: Mitigation Adaptation Strategy Global Change: Volume 13 , 193 – 206. URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

A floodplain is flat or nearly flat lowland bordering a stream or river that experiences occasional or periodic flooding. Read more about it in this document, which is illustrated with many photos from the field.

CRWP (n.y): Floodplain Restoration and Storm Water Management: Guidance and Case Study. Willoughby: Chagrin River Watershed Partners (CRWP), Inc. URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

This presentation includes an overview about water-driven waterwheels and is illustrated with photos, draws and sketches about the different water devices.

SAMMAN, M. (2005): Rediscovering the Waterwheel “Noria Al-Muhammadiyya”. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

This UN-Energy paper on the importance of energy for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)1 was drafted collectively by the UN agencies, programmes and organisations working in the area of energy, reflecting their insights and expertise. Currently, the available energy services fail to meet the needs of the poor. This situation entrenches poverty, constrains the delivery of social services, limits opportunities for women, and erodes environmental sustainability at the local, national and global levels. Much greater access to energy services is essential to address this situation and to support the achievement of the MDGs.

UN-HABITAT (2005): The Energy Challenge for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Nairobi, Kenya: UN-HABITAT URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]

A nice paper, illustrated with different pictures, about the possibilities of on-site detention.

UPRCT (n.y): What is On-site Stormwater Detention? . Parramatta: Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust (UPRCT) URL [Accessed: 09.05.2019]