This case study of 400 households in camps for displaced people in Monrovia, Liberia, highlights that POU water treatment with a flocculant-disinfectant plus improved water storage reduced diarrhoea incidence by 90%.
DOOCY, S. BURNHAM, G. (2006): Point-of-use Water Treatment and Diarrhoea Reduction in the Emergency Context: an Effectiveness Trial in Liberia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Center for Refugee and Disaster Response URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]Library
This site has a wealth of resources for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practitioners collected by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) with a focus on emergency situations.
Study on impact of the physical design (round vs. flat bottom) and silver application method (before or after firing) on the overall performance of the colloidal silver filter.
NAPOTNIK, J. MAYER, A. LANTAGNE, D. JELLISON, K. (2009): Efficacy of Silver-Treated Ceramic Filters for Household Water Treatment. Bethlehem (USA): Lehigh University, USA URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This weblink contains instructions on how to boil water to purify it safely.
This paper includes a performance evaluation of three alternative arsenic removal technologies/systems in the laboratory in order to determine their suitability for the development of a low-cost arsenic removal unit.
ALI, M. A. BADRUZZAMAN, A.B.M. JALIL, M.A. HOSSAIN, M. D. HUSSAINUZZAMAN, M. M. BADRUZZAMAN, M. MOHAMMAD, O.I. AKTER, N. (2001): Development of Low-cost Technologies for Removal of Arsenic from Groundwater. Dhaka: Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This report provides investigation details on the intrinsic effectiveness of colloidal silver filters and the performance of filter with field conditions.
LANTAGNE, D.S. (2001): Investigation of the Potters for Peace colloidal silver impregnated ceramic filter: Report 1: Intrinsic effectiveness. Boston: Alethia Environmental URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Check out the life straw on the Vestergaard-Frandsen homepage and learn more about this product.
This weblink contains frequently asked questions about boiling water for emergency disinfection of drinking water.
This paper identifies the critical points of drinking water contamination and also determines the extent of recontamination after treating water by using HWTS. It also highlights the need of integrating messages on sanitation and hygiene practices during the promotion of HWTS at community.
RUFENER, S. ; MAUSEZAHL, D. ; MOSLER, H. J. ; WEINGARTNER, R. (2010): Quality of Drinking Water at Source and Point of Consumption - Drinking Cup as a High Potential Recontamination Risk. A Field Study in Bolivia. In: The Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition: Volume 28 , 34-41. URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This paper gives an overview on SORAS (Solar oxidation and removal of arsenic) with laboratory and field test results.
WEGELIN, M. GECHTER, D. HUG, S. MAHMUD, A. MOTALEB, A. (1999): SORAS - a simple arsenic removal process. Duebendorf: Eawag/SANDEC URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]A short presentation about the Gravity Driven Membrane technology illustrated with pictures and graphs.
PETER-VARBANETS, M. JOHNSTON, R. MEIERHOFER, R. KAGE, F. MUELLER, S. PRONK, W. (2011): Gravity Driven Membrane Disinfection for Household Drinking Water Treatment. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This user manual gives you a quick overview about the use of the tulip water filter.
TULIPWATERFILTER (2010): Tulip Water Filter User Manual. Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates: Tulip FZE URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]This is a compilation of various HWTS studies, research, case studies and technologies with useful links.
USAID and CDC/Safewater (2006): A Bibliography on Point-of-Use Water Disinfection. Environmental Health . Washington and Atlanta: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Factsheet compilation on the principles, construction, operation and maintenance of HWTS options (simplified version).
CAWST (2009): Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets - Simplified. Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]Ultrafiltration (UF) has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of water for the removal of particles, colloids and microorganisms. However, household application of UF is limited due to membrane fouling which results in complex and maintenance-intensive UF systems. In gravity-driven membrane disinfection (GDMD) technology, a stable membrane flux of 4-10 L.h-1m-2 is observed during ultrafiltration without any back flushing, chemical cleaning or an external energy supply for over 24 months, while operated at relatively low pressures (40-65 cm of water column). This novel approach to operate UF systems at stable flux conditions can be considered an important breakthrough in membrane technology, as it allows development of a robust, maintenance-free, low-cost and user-friendly household water treatment system, which has a great potential for implementation.
PETER-VARBANETS, M. JOHNSTON, R. MEIERHOFER, R. KAGE, F. PRONK, W. (2011): Gravity-Driven Membrane Disinfection for Household Drinking Water Treatment. Loughborough, UK: 35th WEDC International Conference URL [Accessed: 20.05.2019]