This short chapter describes purpose, construction and maintenance of check dams and includes some technical drawings.
HAWKES BAY (2009): Erosion and Sediment Control. Check Dams. Napier: Hawkes’s Bay Regional Council URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]Library
This publication covers basic soil properties and management steps toward building and maintaining healthy soils. The publication is divided into three distinct sections, each with its own purpose. Section 1 deals with basic soil principles and provides an understanding of living soils and how they work. In section 1 you will find answers to why soil organisms and organic matter are important. Section 2 covers management steps to build soil quality on your farm. The last section covers farmer stories of people who have successfully built up their soil. A large resource section of other available information concludes the publication.
SULLIVAN (n.y): Sustainable Soil Management - Soil System Guide. Fayetteville: Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA) URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]The report is mainly divided into three parts. The first part presents the hydro-climatic constraints and challenges facing farmers, and gives a brief presentation of water harvesting and farmers coping strategies to manage water scarcity. In the second part of the report regional approaches from sub-Saharan Africa, India and China are presented. Based on the financial support available and the possibility to obtain information from literature, it was decided to base the India chapter on literature and the China chapter on a short study visit to Gansu and Hebei provinces. The sub-Saharan Africa chapter gives a comprehensive description of water harvesting experiences with emphasis on floodwater harvesting and storage systems supplementary irrigation. The last part of the report reflects knowledge gaps that need to be filled, regarding both technical -, process – and systems research.
FALKENMARK, M. FOX, P. PERSSON, G. ROCKSTROM, J. (2001): Water Harvesting for Upgrading of Rainfed Agriculture. Stockholm: Stockholm International Water Institute URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This report highlights the potentially significant impacts on the hydrologic cycle and the importance of considering secondary effects, particularly with regard to water, resulting from the widespread adoption of global climate change mitigation measures.
ZOMER, R.J. TRABUCCO, A. STRAATEN, O. van BOSSIO, D.A. (2006): Carbon, Land and Water: A Global Analysis of the Hydrologic Dimensions of Climate Change Mitigation through Afforestation/Reforestation. Colombo: International Water Management Institution (IWMI) URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This paper highlights critically the cultural (software) aspects of a fog harvesting project, which started in 1990 in El Tofo, Chile.
DALE, S. (2003): Collecting fog on El Tofo . URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]A short description of check dams appeared in the California Stormwater BMP Handbook.
CASQA (2003): Check Dams. Menlo Park: Californian Stormwater Quality Association URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This paper presents results of recent analyses of plantation areas and other types of land cover in major plantation regions and a brief review of scientific literature relating to water use by forest plantations.
KEENAN R.J. GERRAND, A. NAMBIAR, S. PARSONS, M. (2006): Plantations and Water: Plantation Impact on Stream Flow. Canberra: Australian Government Bureau of Rural Sciences Headquarters URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This document draws upon the material prepared for fertiliser strategy as-sessment, summarises the information on the approaches to enhancing fertiliser supply and use in Africa, and identifies some future steps.
AGWE, J. MORRIS, M. FERNANDES, E. (2007): Africa’s Growing Soil Fertility Crisis: What Role For Fertilizer? . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This thematic study on forests and water was developed in the context of the Global Forest Resources Assessment programme. It is directed to a broad range of technical experts, scientists and decision-makers, particularly national authorities, and presents recommendations on giving more attention to the role of forests and trees in water protection and management at the national level. It also calls for stronger collaboration between the water and forest communities.
FAO (2008): Forests and Water. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]The objectives of the study are to provide on-farm demonstrations of controlled drainage and sub-irrigation systems, and to determine their effect on crop yields and environmental benefits. It compares the nitrate concentration, water loss and crop yields of controlled drainage with free outlet tile drainage.
TAN, C.S. ; DRURY, C.F. ; NG, H.Y.F. ; GAYNOR, J.D. (1999): Effect of Controlled Drainage and Subirrigation on Subsurface Tile Drainage Nitrate Loss and Crop Yield at the Farm Scale. In: Canadian Water Resources Journal : Volume 24 , 177. URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]These practices involve the application of organic materials to form a temporary, protective soil cover. They can be implemented as a pre-made blanket or applied loose as a mulch. Organic mulches, hydraulically applied mulches, erosion control blankets and turf-reinforcement mats (TRMs) are discussed in this paper. When selected and applied correctly, they are the most effective, practical means of controlling runoff and erosion on disturbed land prior to vegetation establishment.
METROPOLITAN COUNCIL (n.y): Soil Erosion Control - Mulches, Blankets and Mats. St. Paul: Metropolitan Council URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]What is drainage water management? Where is it most suitable? How do I manage it and what is the outcome? This short publication addresses those questions important for practitioners.
FRANKENBERGER, J. KLADIVKO, E. SANDS, G. JAYNES, D. FAUSEY, N. HELMERS, M. COOKE, R. STROCK, J. NELSON, K. BROWN, L. (2006): Drainage Water Management for the Midwest. Questions and Answers About Drainage Water Management for the Midwest. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Agriculture URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This paper describes how check dams help to control sedimentation.
METROPOLITAN COUNCIL (n.y): Sediment Control. Check Dams. St. Paul: Metropolitan Council URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]A short article about soil amendments and some tips how some different amendments can be used and its benefits.
WEST COAST SEEDS (2011): Soil Amendments and How to Use Them. Ladner: West Coast Seeds URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This document presents the technical aspects of a fog harvesting project, which started in 1990 in El Tofo, Chile.
UNEP (1997): Chapter 5.2 Fog harvesting in Chile. In: UNEP (1998): Source Book of Alternative Technologies for Freshwater Augmentation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Nairobi: . URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]Fertilisers and soil amendments are a wide array of materials added to soils to improve plant growth. They can be organic, such as bone meal, or inorganic, such as 10-10-10 fertiliser. Some must be purchased, while others are free for the taking from your landscape. Many are dual purpose—they serve as both fertilisers and soil amendments.
TRAUNFELD, J. NIBALI, E. (2009): Soil Amendments and Fertilizers. Fertilizing Guidelines Included by Plant Group. ELLICOT CITY: Home and Garden Information Center URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This paper analyses why a certain reforestation project was successful in some villages in Malawi, while not in others.
BRATEN, R.H. (n.y): Collective Action Reforestation. A Case Study from Malawi. Oslo: University of Oslo URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This three-page factsheet provides short but top-notch information about conflict management. It presents knowledge, tips and skills that are useful in conflict resolution and describes steps to manage a potential conflict.
NRCS (2005): Conflict Management. Greensboro: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Social Sciences Team URL [Accessed: 08.07.2019]