Library

http://www.glowa.org/ [Accessed: 21.04.2010]

The GLOWA (Global Change and the Hydrological Cycle) programme is an example of integrative interdisciplinary and application oriented global change research. The aim of GLOWA is to develop simulation-tools and instruments which will allow to develop and to realize strategies for sustainable and future-oriented water management at regional level (case studies in Europe, Africa and the Middle east).

http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/ [Accessed: 21.04.2010]

The United Nation’s website for the World Water Development Report (WWDR). This report is released every three years in conjunction with the World Water Forum. It is a comprehensive review that gives an overall picture of the state of the world's freshwater resources and aims to provide decision-makers with the tools to implement sustainable use of our water.

Factsheet on biogas and how it can be produced at farm level.

PACE Project (n.y): Biogas. (= Action Sheet , 66 ). The Pan African Conservation Education Project (PACE Project) URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclealbanianhi.html [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

The website of the U.S. Geological Survey contains a labelled image of the global water cycle in over 60 languages.

FALKENMARK, M. (2005): Towards Hydrosolidarity: Ample Opportunities for human ingenuity. Fifteen-Year Message from the Stockholm Water Symposia, in co-operation with the Symposium Scientific Programme Committee Stockholm International Water Institute. Stockholm: SIWI URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

WATER ENCYCLOPAEDIA (2010): Survival Needs. Water Encylopaedia URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

This short document describes the concept and design of horizontal domestic biogas digesters as developed at the Educational Concerns For Hunger Organization (ECHO).

FORST, C. (2002): Technologies demonstrated at Echo: Horizontal Biogas Digester. (= An Echo Concept Paper ). North Fort Myers: Educational Concerns For Hunger Organization (ECHO) URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

PIDWIRNY, M. (2006): Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). Okanagan: University of British Columbia URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

The Animal Products Development Centre, Bureau of Animal Industry (APDC-BAI), developed an integrated waste management scheme for small and medium scale slaughterhouses. Wastewater is treated in a DEWATS system developed together with BORDA. The system comprises a closed small-scale sewer system, an anaerobic digester, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), an anaerobic filter (AF) and an aerobic planted filter as a final step to reduce odours.

APDC (n.y): Pilot Integrate Waste Management Scheme for Small and Medium Scale Slaughterhouses. Valenzuela City: Animal Products Development Centre, Bureau of Animal Industry (APDC-BAI) URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

This presentation contains some essential graphs and information on the water cycle as such. It is based on the 2009 WBCSD publication “Water Facts and Trends” (see further above).

WBCSD (2009): Water Facts and Trends. (PPT Presentation). Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

REKACEWICZ, P. (2009): Water Scarcity Index. In: UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library: URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

Design manual for a fixed-dome biogas digester plant developed in India.

AFPRO (2005): Deenbandhu Model 2000 Biogas Plant. Valenzuela City: Action For Food Production (AFPRO) URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

The brochure „Water: Facts and Trends“ by the WBCSD (World Business Council on Sustainable Development) offers a series of appealing graphics a well structured presentation of the main (but not detailed) facts and trends on water and the state of water resources today.

WBCSD (2009): Facts and Trends. Water (Version 2). Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBDSC) URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

Field research conducted by SANDEC and its partners at the Water Research Institute in Ghana, and information gathered from the scarce literature on faecal sludge treatment is presented in this publication. Issues dealt with in this document are the differences in design principles for the treatment of faecal sludge in waste stabilization in opposition to the treatment of wastewater; handling of faecal sludge solids; the role of anaerobic ponds in faecal sludge treatment; and ammonia (NH3-N) toxicity.

STRAUSS, M. LARMIE, S.A. HEINSS, U. MONTANGERO, A. (1999): Treating Faecal Sludge in Ponds. Duebendorf and Accra: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) and Water Research Institute (CSIR) Ghana URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

This manual contains a complete set of training materials on various topics around the large-scale dissemination of domestic (agricultural) biogas systems, including a system approach to biogas technology, biogas programmes, reuse of slurry, subsidy and institutional financing, quality standards and monitoring and evaluation issues.

FAO (1996): Biogas Technology - A Training Manual for Extension. Support for Development of National Biogas Programme (FAO/TCP/NEP/4451-T) . Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P) Ltd. and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

This publication presents a study to determine the effective operation of wastewater collection systems and sewage treatment plants (waste stabilization ponds) of Lusaka. It highlights the impact of urbanization on sanitary infrastructure and the urban environment. Some of the key issues to achieve ecological sanitation in developing countries are discussed.

KAAWANGA, O.C. (2003): The impact of urbanization on sanitary conveyances and sewage treatment facilities in the city of Lusaka, Zambia. In: Proceeding of the 2nd international symposium on ecological sanitation: Volume 1 , 927-933. URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

This paper shows that there are comprehensive experiences and available technologies that meet new and sustainable sanitation requirements. Ecological sanitation constitutes a diversity of options for both rich and poor countries, from household level up to wastewater systems for mega-cities and needs to become recognised by decision-makers at all levels.

JENSSEN, P.D. HEEB, J. HUBA-MANG, E. GNANAKAN, K. WARNER, W. REFSGAARD, K. STENSTROEM, T.A. GUTERSTRAM, B. ALSEN, K.W. (2004): Ecological Sanitation and Reuse of Wastewater. Ecosan. A Thinkpiece on ecological sanitation. Norway: The Agricultural University of Norway URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

Case study from Ghana. Studies have been carried out to improve sewerage, effluent disposal and sanitation through offsite and on-site sanitation facilities. The Accra Sewerage Improvement Project will provide two new sewage treatment plants, based on waste stabilization ponds, with outfalls discharging into the sea and into watercourses. Transfer of sanitation and sewerage functions from central government agencies to the assemblies is considered in the National Environmental Sanitation Policy, which is however not automatically combined with a corresponding transfer of capacities and operational funds.

BAHRI, A. (2009): Box 1: Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Ghana. In: BAHRI, A. ; (2009): Managing the other side of the Water Cycle - Making Wastewater an Asset. Stockholm: 23-24. URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

This publication deals with the feasibility of waste stabilisation ponds for the simultaneous treatment of collected sludge (by vacuum trucks) and wastewater from the domestic sewer system. The principal objective of the study was to asses if existing treatment ponds could be used in the future as thickening ponds for the sludge.

INGALLINELLA, A.M. FERNANDEZ, R. SANGUINETTI, G. HERGERT, L. QUEVDO, H. STRAUSS, M. MONTANGERO, A. (2001): Lagunas de Estabilizacion para Descarga de Liquidos de Camiones Atmosfericos. Duebendorf and Acra: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) and Water Research Institute (CSIR) Ghana URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

Language: Spanish

The information service on biogas technology has been developed and produced on the behalf of the GTZ project Information and Advisory Service on Appropriate Technology (ISAT). Volume IV summarises over 20 case studies from biogas sanitation as an appropriate technology in developing countries.

ISAT ; GTZ (1999): Biogas - Country Reports. (= Biogas Digest , 4 ). Information and Advisory Services on Appropriate Technology (ISAT) and German Agency for Technical Cooperation GmbH (GTZ). [Accessed: 19.04.2010] PDF