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MDF Tool: Problem Tree Analysis

This document explains what a problem analysis tree is, in which situations you can use it and how to conduct this kind of analysis. It also contains concrete case studies of problem trees.

MDF (2005): MDF Tool: Problem Tree Analysis. Ede: MDF Training and Consultancy URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
NoMix-Toilettensysteme. Erste Monitorergebnisse vom Forum Chriesbach

The NoMix toilet systems of Eawag’s main building have been in operation for three years. So far, NoMix toilets, waterless urinals and urine pipes do not show any clogging problems and no odour problems occurred inside the building. However, outside the building, odour problems occurred because of ammonia gas emissions from the urine pipes. For the moment, the most important remaining problem for an efficient separation of urine and faeces is the correct use of the NoMix toilets by non-acquainted users.

GOOSSE, P. (2009): NoMix-Toilettensysteme. Erste Monitorergebnisse vom Forum Chriesbach. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science (EAWAG) URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
Section X: Gravity Sanitary Sewer System. Materials for Construction

Materials used for construction of sewer systems (based on the example of the Hilton Head Island).

HHPSD (2000): Section X: Gravity Sanitary Sewer System. Materials for Construction. In: HHPSD (2000): Administrative Procedures and Guidelines for Water and Sanitary Sewer System Desig. . URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
http://www.saniresch.de/
http://www.saniresch.de/ [Accessed: 10.08.2010]

This is the main homepage of the SANIRESCH project (SANItaryRecycling ESCHborn) which focuses on the treatment and recycling of the urine, brown- and greywater collected at the headquarters of the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH in Eschborn, Germany.

Waterless urinal sheds in the inner city, Hamburg, Germany

In 1994 the BSU (“Office for urban development and environment”) developed a general concept for the construction and maintenance of the public toilets in order to reduce annual operation and maintenance costs. All urinals installed in Hamburg’s public toilets today are waterless urinals (instead of conventional water flushed urinals which use 4-6 L per flush). In eleven urinal sheds, urine storage tanks were also installed. This urinal sheds have reduced costs than the other public urinals and it is possible, that the collected urine will be used in agriculture in the future.

WINKER, M. GROENWALL, P.N. (2010): Waterless urinal sheds in the inner city, Hamburg, Germany. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
The Problem Tree

This document gives a good overview why and how to conduct a problem tree analysis.

FOODGRAINS BANK (n.y): The Problem Tree. (= Infosheet 103 ). Winnipeg: Canadian Foodgrains Bank URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
Application of Dry Urinals Study Report

Short description on the use of dry urinals in Germany based on long term testing.

DEMIRIZ, M. (2005): Application of Dry Urinals Study Report. Gelsenkirchen: Gelsenkirchen University of Applied Sciences URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
Section XI: Gravity Sanitary Sewer System. Construction Procedures

This document contains construction procedures for sewer systems and contains indications for each step and element (based on the example of Hilton Head Island).

HHPSD (2000): Section XI: Gravity Sanitary Sewer System. Construction Procedures. In: HHPSD (2000): Administrative Procedures and Guidelines for Water and Sanitary Sewer System Desig. . URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]
Section IX: Gravity Sanitary Sewer System. Design Guidelines

Technical characteristics and dimensions for designing a gravity sewer system (based on the example of the Hilton Head Island).

HHPSD (2000): Section IX: Gravity Sanitary Sewer System. Design Guidelines. In: HHPSD (2000): Administrative Procedures and Guidelines for Water and Sanitary Sewer System Desig. . URL [Accessed: 10.08.2010]