Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
Wikipedia article on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell.
This papers summarises a two-step investigation to evaluate the characteristics of three feed materials, i.e. poultry droppings, parthenium and eucalyptus leaves and to optimise these feed materials with donkey-dung combination in order to improve the quantity and quality of biogas production.
KANNAN, N. ; GURUSWAMY, T. ; KUMAR, V. (2003): Design, Development and Evaluation of Biogas Plant using Donkey-dung and Selected Biomaterials as Feedstock. In: The Institution of Engineers (India) Agricultural Engineering Journal: Volume 16 , 17-23. URL [Accessed: 12.08.2010]
This short document describes the concept and design of floating drum biogas digesters as developed at the Educational Concerns For Hunger Organization (ECHO).
DAHLMAN, J. FORST, C. (2002): Technologies demonstrated at Echo: Floating Drum Biogas Digester. (= An Echo Concept Paper ). North Fort Myers: Educational Concerns For Hunger Organization (ECHO) URL [Accessed: 12.08.2010]Wikipedia article for night soil.
INSEDA (Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological Development Association) in partnership with WAFD (Women’s Action For Development) is implementing a new household biogas design to empower women in the villages of the Bharatpur district, Rajasthan (India) since 2002. This design is based on the principle of fixed-dome reactors but is built only with materials available locally in rural areas.
MYLES, R. (n.y): Empowering rural poor Women by Enhancing income through Biogas Plant by INSEDA and WAFD in Bharatapur, India. New Delhi: Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological Development Association (INSEDA) URL [Accessed: 12.08.2010]Wikipedia article for mesophile organisms.
This paper has been written by the Director General Sulabh International Academy of Environmental Sanitation, which is well known for the installations of over 100 biogas linked public toilets in India. It gives an overview on the Sulabh approach and deals with many issues in brief way, including technical, social and economical aspects.
JHA, P.K. (n.y): Recycling and reuse of human excreta from public toilets through biogas generation to improve sanitation, community health and environment. New Delhi: Sulabh International Academy of Environmental Sanitation URL [Accessed: 12.08.2010]
This case study reports design and construction of UDDTs at 3 primary boarding schools (with up to 210 pupils each) in rural Gujarat, India. The “compost” (i.e. desiccated faeces and cover material) and urine are applied as soil conditioner and nitrogen-rich liquid fertilizer to flower beds, kitchen gardens, etc.
WAFLER, M. (2009): Sanitation Improvements at Navsarjan Boarding Schools, Gujarat, India – Draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]Green Toilet Talks (Part 2): A Documentary on Ecological Sanitation, explaining compost toilets
This case study reports pilot-scale implementation of UDDTs for eight households in Arusha, Tanzania. The UDDT technology was adopted from the NGO EEPCO (Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Organization), and chosen due to the fact that the structure is permanent and there is the possibility of using the products from the toilet for local agriculture. Urine is used at the farms around the households as fertilizer.
SENZIA, M.A. (2010): Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets for Households, Arusha, Tanzania – Draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]
This document is an example of a community action plan in Ache. The document gives a good introduction to the community action plan and explains it principles and how to apply.
UNDEP (n.y): Ache-Nias Settlement Support Program. ANSSP Guidelines. CAP community action plan and Village Mapping. [Accessed: 11.08.2010] PDFPublication database from the SANDEC/EAWAG on co-composting of organic waste and faecal sludge.
This technical brief describes a compost toilet that has proven to be most effective in water-logged areas where pit-latrines and septic tanks are inappropriate.
CALVERT, P. (1999): Compost Toilets. Bourton on Dunsmore: Practical Action UK. URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]
Case study on an urban agriculture project with urine reuse in Northern Mindanao, Philippines.
HOLMER, R. SuSanA (2009): UDD Toilets with Reuse in Allotment Gardens.. (pdf presentation). (= SuSanA case study ). Cagayan de Oro Philippines: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]
This case study reports the project history and lessons learnt (after 6 years) from construction of a total o 42 UDDTs in two villages in Botswana.
LORENZ, St. KHAWAJA, N. (2010): Rural Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets (after 6 years), Hanahai and Paje villages, Botswana. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]
This publication is part of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management - A Set of Five Tools for Decision-makers - Experiences from the Urban Waste Expertise Programme (1995 - 2001). It is designed to identify and understand the role that composting plays in integrated solid waste management systems. This is important since the organic waste stream is the largest waste component in most developing countries and the one that has the least chance of being recovered without intervention.
DULAC, N. (2001): The Organic Waste Flow in Integrated Sustainable Waste Management. Tools for Decision-makers. Gouda: WASTE URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]
Well-illustrated article describing the principle of ecosan and dry composting toilets applied to a household.
VISHWANATH, S. VISHWANATH, C. (n.y): Composting Toilets – The Future of Sanitation?. URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]