Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
The review highlights the connection of environmental contamination with the ability to measure it, as well as the ways pollution control has been changed by advances in scientific knowledge.
LOFRANO, G. ; BROWN, J. (2010): Wastewater Management Through Ages: A History of Mankind. In: Science of the Total Environment: Volume 408 , 5254-5264. URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
The report Charting Our Water Future was developed to take a first step in providing greater clarity on the scale, costs and tradeoffs of solutions to water scarcity. It is the result of a year-long collaboration involving IFC (a member of the World Bank Group), McKinsey & Company, The Coca-Cola Company, Barilla, New Holland Agriculture, Nestlé, SABMiller plc, Standard Chartered Bank and Syngenta AG, and has relied on the input of over 300 specialists and public sector practitioners as well as the consistent guidance of a group of expert advisors.
2030 WRG (2009): Charting our Water Future.. Economic Frameworks to Inform Decision-Making. Washington D.C.: 2030 Water Resources Group (WRG) URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
This working document provides an overview of some basic facts and societal challenges related to water. It has been developed by the WBCSD secretariat and is intended to support the ongoing dialogue within the WBCSD membership and with other stakeholders in civil society and government. The emphasis in this initial document is on water availability and people’s use of water for agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes. The scenario planning process will provide opportunities to supplement this work with consideration of other key issues.
FRY, A. (2006): Facts and Trends: Water. Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
The fairly recent phenomenon of megacities is of particular concern due to their sheer size, which is sometimes larger than the population of entire countries, and the corresponding demands on the environment. This report analyses these influences and the resulting issues by looking at six such cities from around the globe. This report is not based on new scientific findings, but rather explores different approaches towards managing water.
ENGEL, K. JOKIEL, D. KRALJEVIC, A. GEIGER, M. SMITH, K. (2011): Big Cities, Big Water, Big Challenges. Water in an Urbanizing World. Berlin: World Wildlife Fund (WWF) URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
In the present report an attempt is made to identify the gap in wastewater generation and treatment in the entire Ganga basin.
CPCB (n.y): Status of Sewage Treatment Plants in Ganga Basin. New Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]This paper is a review of the role of water in Indian civilization, in the ancient Sanskrit literature, in the beliefs passed through generations and in the festivals celebrated.
NAIR, K. (2004): Role of Water in the Development of Civilization in India - A Review of Ancient Literature, Traditional Practices and Beliefs. In: RODDA, J.C. ; UBERTINI L. (2004): The Basics of Civilization - Water Science?. Oxfordshire: 160-166. URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
The present "Master Plan for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water" is an effort to assess the total recharge potential available in the country along with suitable designs of structures for such recharge.
CGWB (2013): Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater in India. New Delhi: Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Water Resources, Goverment of India URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
Document on the renewal mission of the urban development in different cities in India.
MoUD (2011): Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission - An Overview. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
This document on septage management aims to assist the Government of India towards preparation of national level septage management policies and guidelines. Access to improved sanitation in urban India has risen but the management of onsite sanitation systems such as septic tanks remains a neglected component of urban sanitation and wastewater management.
CSE (2011): Policy Paper on Septage Management in India. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
In the paper, a case study of lakes in and around Hyderabad will be presented with a plea to integrate traditional wisdom with modern water resources management practices. If implemented, the proposed lake conservation and management model has capacity to augment per capita availability of water for people of fast merging mega-city.
KODARKAR, M. (2007): Conservation of Urban Lakes as Potential Sources of Freshwater - A Need to Integrate Traditional Wisdom with ever Increasing Urban Water Demands. Hampi: National Seminar on Water and Culture URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
This paper argues that modern, end-of-pipe sanitation systems are not the pinnacle of centuries of wastewater technology development, and may actually prove to be a technological dead-end: expensive to build, operate and maintain, and out of step with traditional wastewater management philosophy. A brief examination of a series of excreta and wastewater management systems from around the world and throughout history clearly shows that viewing faeces, urine and grey water as a worthless waste to be disposed of is only a modern concept, which ignores the realities of limited resource availability, and the obvious benefits to be had from closed-loop systems – as was clearly recognised in the past.
BRACKEN, P. ; WACHTLER, A. ; PANESAR, A.R. ; LANGE, J. (2007): The Road not Taken: How Traditional Excreta and Greywater Management may Point the Way to a Sustainable Future. In: Water Science & Technology, Water Supply 7: , 219-227. URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
The prime objective of the guidelines for evaluation of proposals/requests for the withdrawal of ground water, is to focus on a specific part of ground water management viz. ensuring sustainability of ground water both in terms of quantity & quality and also focus on land based management of ground water resources, looking into the variations of availability of water in different climatologically regions and diverse hydrogeological conditions in various states of the country.
CGWA (2012): Guidelines/Criteria for Evaluation of Proposals/Requests for Groundwater Abstraction. New Delhi: Central Ground Water Authority, Government of India URL [Accessed: 01.04.2015]
Paper of different examples of treating airport deicing fluid.
WALLACE, S. LINER, M. (2011): Underground Treatment of Airport Deicing Fluid. Vadnais Heights: Naturally Wallace Consulting URL [Accessed: 31.03.2015]
The main objectives of this study were to investigate pollutant removal efficiencies and mechanisms within field-scale hybrid natural purification systems. The studied hybrid constructed wetland systems include an oxidation pond, two serial surface flow wetlands with a cascade in between, and a subsurface flow wetland receiving secondary treated dormitory sewage.
YEH, T.Y. ; WU, C.H. (2009): Pollutant Removal Within Hybrid Constructed Wetland Systems in Tropical Regions. In: Water Science and Technology: Volume 59 , 114-120. URL [Accessed: 27.03.2015]
The treatment efficiency of 2- and 3-stage constructed wetlands (CWs) was evaluated for treating domestic sewage from houses surrounding agricultural villages.
SEO, D.C. ; DE LAUNE, R.D. ; PARK, W.Y. ; LIM, J.S. ; SEO, J.Y. ; DO LEE, J. ; CHO, J.S. ; HEO, J.S. (2008): Evaluation of a Hybrid Constructed Wetland for Treating Domestic Sewage from Individual Housing Units Surrounding Agricultural Villages in South Korea. In: Journal of Environmental Monitoring: Volume 11 , 134-144. URL [Accessed: 27.03.2015]
The utilization of environmentally friendly and eco-safe wastewater treatment plan is nowadays widespread. This study aimed to assess the potentiality of hybrid constructed wetlands for treating of landfill leachate, river polluted water, domestic, industrial, hospital, runoff and agricultural wastewaters in lab-scale, pilot-scale and full-scale with various configurations.
SAYADI, M.H. ; KARGAR, R. ; DOOSTI, M.R. ; SALEHI, H. (2012): Hybrid Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Worldwide Review. In: Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences: Volume 2 , 204-222. URL [Accessed: 27.03.2015]
The urban water bodies in tropical developing countries are the worst victim of domestic wastewater / sewage, basically because of the widening gap between the increasing waste water generation and unavailability of commensurating economical resources to address the issue through conventional technologies. Hence, biological machines may prove to be a novel tool for sustainable management of water bodies. Rootzone technology being natural biological systems operating solely on solar energy is low cost and almost negligible operation and maintenance. The paper under reference therefore is an attempt to evaluate the performance efficiency of a field scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow constructed Wetland/Rootzone demonstration unit was constructed by Environmental Planning & Coordination Organisation (EPCO) at Ekant Park, Bhopal as an economically and ecologically viable pilot project.
VIPAT, V. SINGH, U. BILLORE, S.K. (2008): Efficacy of Rootzone Technology for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater: Field Scale Study of a Pilot Project in Bhopal (MP), India. In: SENGUPTA, M. ; DALWANI, R. (2007): Proceedings of Taal 2007: 12th World Lake Conference October 28 to November 2 2007, Jaipur, India. Jaipur: 995-1003. URL [Accessed: 26.03.2015]
Concerns about water shortage and pollution have received increased attention over the past few years, especially in developing countries with warm climate. In order to help local water management in these countries, the Euro-Mediterranean Regional Programme (MEDA) has financed the Zer0-m project. As a part of this project, several constructed wetland (CW) pilot systems with different pre-treatments have been implemented in four Technological Demonstration Centres in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey. The aim of this research was to establish appropriate designs for treatment of segregated domestic black (BW) and grey water (GW). We tested several different multistage CW configurations, consisting of horizontal and vertical subsurface flow CW for secondary treatment and free water systems as tertiary stage.
MASI, F. ; EL HAMOURI, B. ; ABDEL SHAFI, H. ; BABAN, A. ; GHRABI, A. ; REGELSBERGER, M. (2010): Segregated Black/Grey Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands in the Mediterranean Basin: The zer0-m Experience. In: Water Science and Technology: Volume 61 , 97-105. URL [Accessed: 26.03.2015]
Treatment performance of a field-scale horizontal subsurface (SF) constructed wetland (CW) was evaluated for removal efficiency of BOD, TSS, NH4−N, NO3−N, TKN and P from municipal wastewater emanating from a small community of residential areas in Ujjain, Central India. The SF wetland had a rectangular size and covered an effective surface area of 41.82 m2 with a water retention capacity of 18 m3.
BILLORE, S.K. ; SINGH, N. ; SHARMA, J.K. ; DASS, P. ; NELSON, R.M. (1999): Horizontal Subsurface Flow Gravel Bed Constructed Wetland with Phragmites Karka in Central India. In: Water Science and Technology : Volume 40 , 163-171. URL [Accessed: 26.03.2015]