This manual has been prepared as a tool to help improve DFID's (Department for International Developments, United Kingdom) support for water supply and sanitation projects and programmes in developing countries. Its particular focus is on how DFID assistance can best meet the needs of the urban and rural poor for water supply and sanitation services.
DFID (1998): Guidance Manual on Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes. London: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) for the Department for International Development (DFID) URL [Accessed: 09.05.2018]Library
Anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds as wells as aerated lagoon systems are presented as an appropriate solution in developing countries where sewerage systems are present. The technical content was reviewed by Prof. Duncan Mara (University of Leeds, England). Detailed design, operation and maintenance guidance is given. Hence, this paper can be useful as a technical manual.
ARTHUR, J.P. (1983): Notes in the Design and Operation of Waste Stabilization Ponds in Warm Climates of Developing Countries . (= World Bank Technical Paper , 7 ). Washington: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 08.05.2018] PDFIn this seventh episode of IRC's podcast series WASH Talk, hosts Andy Narracott and Patrick Moriarty ask Sophie Trémolet of the World Bank how blended finance can close the financial gap needed to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. The gap is an estimated USD 114 billion per year for construction and 1.5 times that amount for maintenance. In the podcast she explains to a non-economist audience what the challenges and opportunities are when using blended finance.
TRÉMOLET, S. (2017): Blended Finance – WASH Talk (video). The Hague: IRC URL [Accessed: 20.04.2018]The objective of this study is to analyze various definitions and forms under which social enterprises operate in five countries and the implications for public policies. The study is based on literature review and a number of interviews clustered around Italy, Malaysia, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and United States, where social enterprise has attracted government`s interest. The study analyzes how the government operationalised its engagements with social enterprises.
TRIPONEL, A. AGAPITOVA, N. Legal Framework for Social Enterprise : Lessons from a Comparative Study of Italy, Malaysia, South Korea, United Kingdom, and United States. Washington: World Bank URL [Accessed: 20.04.2018] PDFThis article discusses the needs of innovative finance instruments to reach people with access to safe water and sanitation. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 by 2030 over USD 1.7 trillion have to be invested. Existing funding falls far short of this amount; countries may have to increase their investment in the water and sanitation sectors by up to four times in order to meet the SDGs. Where is this financing going to come from? Blended finance could play a significant role here.
LEIGLAND, J. ; TRÉMOLET, S. ; IKEDA, J. (2016): Achieving Universal Access to Water and Achieving Universal Access to Water and Sanitation by 2030: The Role of Blended Finance. URL [Accessed: 20.04.2018] PDFArticle provides interesting overview of different environmental-friendly financing instruments and organisations engaged with it.
ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE (EDITOR) (2016): Winners of Environmental Finance's Voluntary Carbon Market Rankings see lower prices but remain bullish. URL [Accessed: 20.04.2018]