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As part of a project endorsed by the Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG), this paper presents the results of a survey about the current status of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in the Arctic region. It came out that many remote Arctic and sub-Arctic residents lack WASH services, and these disparities are often not reflected in national summary data. Environmental changes impacting WASH services were reported by respondents in every Arctic nation. Participants at an international conference co-sponsored by SDWG reviewed these results and provided suggestions for next steps to improve health of Arctic residents.
BRESSLER, J.M. and HENNESSY, T.W. (2018): Results of an Arctic Council survey on water and sanitation services in the Arctic. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 77 , 1. URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFThe four Nordic cities included in the present study form a gradient both in climate, from oceanographic temperate in Tórshavn at 620 N to arctic in Tromsø at 69.70N, and in population, from less than 6000 inhabitants in Sisimiut to close to 120 000 in Reykjavík. The cities are different and far apart but products from the sea has been mainstay to the economy and societal development. Thus, the management of sewage from the municipalities must maintain a clean and healthy marine environment.
DAM, M. AUOUNSSON, G. POULSEN, H. BERG, I. KRISTENSEN, L. STENERSEN, J. JOENSEN, F. DAVIDSEN, V. PETERSEN, S. (2017): Micropollutants in Wastewater in four Arctic Cities - is the Treatment sufficient?. Copenhagen: TemaNord URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]Critical online article about scientists testing feces and urine in wastewater to find trends in illegal drug use.
FARAH, T. (2017): The Plan to Test Cities’ Sewage for Drugs is a new Form of Mass Surveillance. Motherboard URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]This paper is a review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska. The authors obtained washeteria closure dates from 2003 to July 2009 and defined 7 day closure as prolonged. They received de-identified data on all Kivalina clinic visits from 2003 to 2009 and selected visits with ICD-9 diagnosis codes for respiratory, skin, or gastrointestinal infection; subsequent same patient/same illness-category visits within 14 days were excluded. The authors compared annual visit rates, for all ages combined, before (20032004) and after (20052009) the ‘‘2004’’ storm.
THOMAS, T.K. et al. (2013): Washeteria closures, infectious disease and community health in rural Alaska. A review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 72 URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFOnline article about US researchers that uncover trends in infectious diseases through analyzing wastewater samples.
KRISCH, J. A. (2014): What our Sewage can teach us. The New York Times URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]This article seeks to present the latest evidence on the provision of adequate sanitation, to analyse why more progress has not been made, and to suggest strategies to improve the impact of sanitation, highlighting the role of the health sector. It also aims to show that sanitation work to improve health, once considered the exclusive domain of engineers, now requires the involvement of social scientists, behaviour change experts, health professionals, and, vitally, individual people.
DUNCAN, M. et al. (2010): Sanitation and Health. In: PLoS Medicine: Volume 7 URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFSe describen contextos especficos en México, las tecnologias relacionadas a la energía, agua, vegetación y vivienda y casos de implementación en comunidades rurales.
CERVANTES. E., SEGURA, I. VAZQUEZ, S., GARCIA, L. y FALCÓN, A. (2017): Tecnologías apropiadas para el acceso sostenible al agua en el medio rural marginado. Morelos (México): Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA) URL [Accessed: 01.08.2018] PDFGWPP`s mission is to be a knowledge resource and hub on water pathogens which will guide the goals for sanitation and achieving safe water around the world using the power of new information technology and tools. The glossary contains relevant terms: see here http://www.waterpathogens.org/glossary
The Circumpolar Health Research Network (CHRN) was formed in 2012 with the coming together of two international circumpolar health organizations — the International Network for Circumpolar Health Research (INCHR) and the International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers (IACHP).
This assessment report details the results of the 2009 AMAP assessment of Human Health in the Arctic. It builds upon the previous AMAP human health assessments that were presented in 19981 and 2022.
The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) is a group working under the Arctic Council.
The perception of social sanitation norms (PSSNs) around unacceptability of open defecation has been a key aspect of recent sanitation interventions. However, underlying mechanisms through which "reconstructed" PSSNs affect sanitation outcomes have been a black box. This explorative cross-sectional study examines direct and indirect links between PSSNs and sanitation safety using data from structured interviews and observations in 368 households in rural South Ethiopia.
NOVOTNY, J. et al. (2017): The Role of Perceived Social Norms in Rural Sanitation: An Explorative Study from Infrastructure-Restricted Settings of South Ethiopia. In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: Volume 14 URL [Accessed: 25.07.2018] PDFThe research underpinning this work took place in the context of two rural water and sanitation projects carried out in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The focus of study was on the way engineers can make water and sanitation projects more sustainable. In particular, emphasis was placed on the broad range of non-technical factors engineers need to incorporate into the design of water and sanitation systems and the processes they need to follow in order to achieve this, looking specifically at the implications of community participation for design process, project management and health and safety management.
Field study on how to develop ceramic water filters in Cambodia to improve household drinking water quality. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
BROWN, J. and SOBSEY, M. (2007): Use of ceramic water filters in Cambodia: improving household drinking water quality. World Bank: URL [Accessed: 23.07.2018]