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This book addresses the most important issues in the field of pharmaceuticals in the environment for the near future. Typical examples and abundant data are presented.
KUEMMERER, K. (2004): Pharmaceutcals in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks - second Edition. Springer Berlin Heidelberg URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]When people take drugs, they end up in the water, either unchanged or broken down into specific metabolites. Increasingly, water can be tested to gauge how much drug use is going on in an area, and a new study shows that the level of illegal drugs being used in a community can be tested in real time, and potentially applied to help police narcotic use.
MAIN, D. (2014): Real-time Wastewater Analysis shows what drugs are being used where. Popular Science URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]This paper conducts a scoping review on traditional foods and food security in Alaska. Google Scholar and the High North Research Documents were used to search for relevant primary research using the following terms: “traditional foods”, “food security”, “access”, “availability”, “utilisation”, “Alaska”, “Alaska Native” and “indigenous”. Twenty four articles from Google Scholar and four articles from the High North Research Documents were selected. The articles revealed three types of research approaches, those that quantified traditional food intake (n=18), those that quantified food security (n=2), and qualitative articles that addressed at least one pillar of food security (n=8).
WALCH, A. et al. (2018): A scoping review of traditional food security in Alaska. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 77 URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFThis paper presents the results of a pilot project testing rainwater harvesting in a water-insecure indigenous community of 140 people in Coastal Labrador in subarctic Canada. It builds on previous research on water insecurity impacts in the community and identifies domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) as a small-scale, inexpensive potential remedy.
MERCER, N. and HANRAHAN, M (2017): “Straight from the heavens into your bucket”: domestic rainwater harvesting as a measure to improve water security in a subarctic indigenous community. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 76 URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFSewage is an effective means to sample the fecal bacteria from millions of people, a new study has indicated. Researchers say the information gleaned from the work provides a unique opportunity to monitor, through gut microbes, the public health of a large population without compromising the privacy of individuals.
This online article summarizes the study of NEWTON, R. J. et al., 2015: Sewage Reflects the Microbiomes of Human Populations, In: mBio, Vol. 6 (2).
Hebert, G. (2015): Sewage provides Insight into Human Microbiome. ScienceDaily URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]This paper provides highlights of a utilization-focused evaluation of a collaborative Pan-Arctic Inuit Wellness TV Series that was broadcasted live in Alaska and Canada in May 2009.
JOHNSON, R. et al. (2012): Pan-Arctic TV Series on Inuit wellness: a northern model of communication for social change?. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 70 , 235-244. URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFThis review summarizes the current contamination status of different environment media, including sewage, surface water, sludge, sediments, soil, and wild animals, in China by PPCPs. The human body burden and adverse effects derived from PPCPs are also evaluated.
LIU, JL. and WONG, M.H. (2013): Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCP): A Review on environmental Contamination in China. In: Environment International: Volume 59 , 208-224. URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]The authors investigate the relationship between the presence of in-home piped water and wastewater services and hospitalization rates for respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections in rural Alaska.
HENNESSY, T.W. et al. (2008): The Relationship Between In-Home Water Service and the Risk of Respiratory Tract, Skin, and Gastrointestinal Tract Infections Among Rural Alaska Natives. In: American Journal of Public Health: Volume 98 , 2072-2078. URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]As part of a project endorsed by the Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG), this paper presents the results of a survey about the current status of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in the Arctic region. It came out that many remote Arctic and sub-Arctic residents lack WASH services, and these disparities are often not reflected in national summary data. Environmental changes impacting WASH services were reported by respondents in every Arctic nation. Participants at an international conference co-sponsored by SDWG reviewed these results and provided suggestions for next steps to improve health of Arctic residents.
BRESSLER, J.M. and HENNESSY, T.W. (2018): Results of an Arctic Council survey on water and sanitation services in the Arctic. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 77 , 1. URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFThe four Nordic cities included in the present study form a gradient both in climate, from oceanographic temperate in Tórshavn at 620 N to arctic in Tromsø at 69.70N, and in population, from less than 6000 inhabitants in Sisimiut to close to 120 000 in Reykjavík. The cities are different and far apart but products from the sea has been mainstay to the economy and societal development. Thus, the management of sewage from the municipalities must maintain a clean and healthy marine environment.
DAM, M. AUOUNSSON, G. POULSEN, H. BERG, I. KRISTENSEN, L. STENERSEN, J. JOENSEN, F. DAVIDSEN, V. PETERSEN, S. (2017): Micropollutants in Wastewater in four Arctic Cities - is the Treatment sufficient?. Copenhagen: TemaNord URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]Critical online article about scientists testing feces and urine in wastewater to find trends in illegal drug use.
FARAH, T. (2017): The Plan to Test Cities’ Sewage for Drugs is a new Form of Mass Surveillance. Motherboard URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]This paper is a review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska. The authors obtained washeteria closure dates from 2003 to July 2009 and defined 7 day closure as prolonged. They received de-identified data on all Kivalina clinic visits from 2003 to 2009 and selected visits with ICD-9 diagnosis codes for respiratory, skin, or gastrointestinal infection; subsequent same patient/same illness-category visits within 14 days were excluded. The authors compared annual visit rates, for all ages combined, before (20032004) and after (20052009) the ‘‘2004’’ storm.
THOMAS, T.K. et al. (2013): Washeteria closures, infectious disease and community health in rural Alaska. A review of clinical data in Kivalina, Alaska. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 72 URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018] PDFOnline article about US researchers that uncover trends in infectious diseases through analyzing wastewater samples.
KRISCH, J. A. (2014): What our Sewage can teach us. The New York Times URL [Accessed: 02.08.2018]