Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment is the second volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment, and focusses on the unit operations and processes associated with biological wastewater treatment. The major topics covered are: microbiology and ecology of wastewater treatment, reaction kinetics and reactor hydraulics, conversion of organic and inorganic matter, sedimentation, aeration.
SPERLING, M. von (2007): Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment. (= Biological Wastewater Treatment Series , 2 ). London: International Water Association (IWA) Publishing URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]Library
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The aim of this publication is to build a bridge between the elaborate literature and information on the biogas production side and the existing technical and scientific know-how on the side of internal combustion engines. An engine fuelled by biogas shall become understandable as a core module in a system of energy supply, energy transformation and a demand of energy for a useful purpose. This publication attempts to provide a source of essential information for decision-making, planning, modification and operation of biogas engines within this system.
MITZLAFF, von, K. (1988): Engines for biogas. Eschborn: German Appropriate Technology Exchange (GATE), German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/SOSA%20RODRIGUEZ%202010%20Impacts%20of%20Water%20Management%20Decisions%20on%20the%20Survival%20of%20a%20City.jpg)
This article analyses how water-management policies have developed over the centuries, how these policies have affected the city’s inhabitants, and the environment. The study uses the history of water management decisions and practices in Mexico City as an example. It also points out relevant future directions for water policy.
SOSA-RODRIGUEZ, F. (2010): Impacts of Water-management Decisions on the Survival of a City. From Ancient Tenochtitlan to Modern Mexico City. Waterloo: University of Waterloo URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]The chapter "the usefulness of urine" is about different methods of collecting urine, storage, uses of urine in agriculture and gives various examples of using urine to enhance vegetable production in containers and on fields
MORGAN, P. (2004): The Usefulness of Urine. Part III, chapter 14. In: Morgan, P. ; (2014): An Ecological Approach to Sanitation in Africa. A Compilation of Experiences. Harare: pp. 174-189. URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/MELIN%202009%20Reclaim%20Water.jpg)
This report presents results from eight technical pilot studies on aquifer recharge (including SAT) between 2005 and 2008 on five continents. The main objective of these studies was to assess the overall performance of these sites in recharging aquifers mainly for irrigation and potable water supply purposes by following contaminant fate throughout each scheme.
MELIN, T. (2009): Reclaim Water. Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Artificial Groundwater Recharge. Publishable Final Activity Report. Aachen: RWTH Aachen University URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/TEIXEIRA%20COELHO%202006%20Biogas%20from%20Sewage%20Treatment%20used%20to%20Electric%20Energy%20Generation.jpg)
The sewage treatment process at SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of Sao Paulo State, Brazil) has until now burnt some of the biogas produced in the anaerobic digester to enhance the process temperature and the other part was burnt in order to limit impact of emission. The transformation of this excess biogas into electricity would be a sustainable solution generating even additional income. An alternative to burn it in flare is the biogas conversion into electricity through engines or microturbines. This paper describes the proposed system to convert biogas in electricity and heat using microturbines (30 kW ISO).
TEIXEIRA COELHO, S. STORTINI GONZALES VELAZQUES, S.M. STELLA MARTINS, O. CASTRO DE ABREU, F. (2006): Biogas from Sewage Treatment used to Electric Energy Generation, by a 30 kW (ISO) Microturbine. (= World Bioenergy Conference & Exhibition ). Sao Paulo: Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass (CENBIO) URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/BGN%202006%20Groundwater%20and%20Rural%20Water%20Supply%20in%20Africa.jpg)
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for water will only be achieved in Africa by increased development of groundwater for rural water supply. However,the role that groundwater plays in achieving the MDGs is underrated and rarely articulated. This briefing note explores the main groundwater issues related to rural water supply in Africa.
BGN (2006): Groundwater and Rural Water Supply in Africa. International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Burdon Groundwater Network (BGN) URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/CSIRO%202010%20Managed%20Aquifer%20Recharge%20FAQ.jpg)
Brief factsheet giving an oversight over most common managed aquifer recharge methods. With an Australian perspective.
CSIRO (2010): Managed Aquifer Recharge. Frequently Asked Questions. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/LUETHI%20et%20al%202011%20Sustainable%20Sanitation%20in%20cities-%20a%20framework%20for%20action.jpg)
This book repared by partners of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) network is a real eye-opener. It takes a look at some of the methods that have worked well in the past, to guide us in solving the problems of the future. By addressing sanitation as a key element of the urban metabolism, and by linking sanitation with urban planning and neighbouring sectors like solid waste management or waste recycling, it allows for a holistic approach. In the cities of tomorrow, we will need to focus more on recycling energy. A good example being biogas generation from wastewater and sludges. Water will also become an increasingly scarce commodity. Greywater (from showers and sinks) can be treated in urban constructed wetlands or used to water and fertilise urban green spaces. Such examples of productive sanitation systems will form an integral part of infrastructure in sustainable cities.
LUETHI, C. PANESAR, A. SCHUETZE, T. NORSTROEM, A. MCCONVILLE, J. PARKINSON, J. SAYWELL, D. INGE, R. (2011): Sustainable Sanitation in cities: a framework for action. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) & International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU), Papiroz Publishing House, The Netherlands URL [Accessed: 26.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/PUROLITE%20INTERNATIONAL%202003%20Guidelines%20for%20Selecting%20Resin%20Ion%20Exchange%20or%20Reverse%20Osmosis.jpg)
Both reverse osmosis and ion exchange technologies are well established and have reached advanced levels of development. Comparison of the two processes for water demineralisation can therefore be reliably made and cost comparisons can be carried out on a case-by-case basis. This document examines the significant factors that should be taken into account in the comparison and gives guidelines for decision making.
PUROLITE INTERNATIONAL (2003): Guidelines for Selecting Resin Ion Exchange or Reverse Osmosis for Feed Water Demineralisation. In: Purolite.com: URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]This website provides a summary of coagulation-flocculation sedimentation processes including combined technologies such as Flocculation-Chlorination.
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The acute toxicity of arsenic at high concentrations has been known about for centuries. It was only relatively recently that a strong adverse effect on health was discovered to be associated with long-term exposure to even very low arsenic concentrations. Drinking water is now recognised as the major source of human intake of arsenic in its most toxic (inorganic) forms.
PETRUSEVSKI, B. SHARMA, S. SCHIPPERS, J.C. SHORDT, K. (2007): Arsenic in Drinking Water. Delft: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/CADEE%202000%20World%20First%20Magnetic%20Ion%20Exchange.jpg)
This article describes for the first time the use of magnetic ion exchange for improving Wanneroo (Australia) Groundwater Treatment Plant treatment process.
CADEE, K. ; O’LEARY, B. ; SMITH, P. ; SLUNJSKI, M. ; BOURKE, M. (2000): World First Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX) Water Treatment Plant to be Installed in Western Australia. In: miexresin.com: URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]A demonstration of how flocculant works to bind together the fine particles in waste sludge
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A 3-page factsheet on solar pasteurisation, focussing on treatment efficiency, operating criteria and other information on solar pasteurisation.
CAWST (2009): HWTS Factsheet: Solar Pasteurization. Calgary: Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/NEALE%202010%20Magnetic%20Ion%20Echange%20is%20there%20Potential%20for%20International%20Development.jpg)
Magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) is an ion exchange resin developed as an additive to existing water treatment plants where additional organic matter is to be removed. The smaller size, magnetic properties and simple regeneration using NaCl distinguish MIEX from conventional ion exchange resins. Its use in international development applications is investigated in this review article.
NEALE, P.A. ; SCHAFER, A.I. (2010): Magnetic Ion Exchange: Is there a Potential for International Development. In: Desalination : Volume 251 , 160-168. URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/GREVILLE%201997%20%20How%20to%20Select%20a%20Chemical%20Coagulant%20and%20Flocculant.jpg)
This paper addresses several topics that might help the water treatment plant operator select the most appropriate chemical treatment programme for the needs of the community that the plant services.
GREVILLE, A.S. (1997): How to Select a Chemical Coagulant and Flocculant. In: Alberta Water & Wastewater Operators Association, 22th Annual Seminar : URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]![](/sites/default/files/reference_icons/CAWST%202009%20Introduction%20to%20Drinking%20Water%20Quality%20Testing.jpg)
This document describes several methods of drinking water quality testing. Furthermore, it contains testdescriptions about physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants as well how to interpret the test results.
CAWST (2009): Introduction to Drinking Water Quality Testing. Calgary: Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CWAST) URL [Accessed: 24.05.2019]