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The Africa Water Vision 2025 was formulated to guide the development and management of water resources for sustainable development. A number of indicators were selected along the lines of the methodologies developed for the World Water Development Report in order to quantitatively measure progress in the implementation of water-related projects.

UN-WATER AFRICA (2006): African Water Development Report 2006 – Chapter “Indicators - Measuring the Progress of the African Water Vision. Addis Ababa: UN Water/Africa URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

https://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model, including information on operation and maintenance. It is a reference guide containing links to relevant documents explaining the different stages in the sanitation cycle.

This booklet presents several examples from Bolivia, the Philippines and Argentina of group- or NGO-based impact monitoring.

SCHWARZ, B. GERMAN, D. GOHL, E. (1996): Participatory Impact Monitoring Booklet 3: Application Examples. Eschborn: GATE/GTZ URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This paper puts forward possible measures for strengthening the urban water sector along with the enhancement of the capacity of the community, emphasizing the importance of water charges billing and collection involving user groups or NGOs.

WACP-UNHABITAT-WATER FOR ASIAN CITIES PROGRAMME, INDIA- UN-HABITAT (1999): Community Managed Systems for Operation, Billing and Collection of Water Charges. (= Policy Paper 1 ). Nairobi: UN-HABITAT URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This paper describes the CHAST approach and contains coloured pictures (e.g. of the cards used for the card game).

IRC (2006): CHAST in Somalia - Case Study. Delft: IRC URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/a-mod.htm [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This website contains a collection of training material intended to assist practitioners in helping low-income communities to overcome poverty, emphasizing methods and principles, not theory. One of the modules deals with the community project resources, including project proposals.

Experiences with PHAST in western Ghana.

NUNOO, D., MUMUNI, O and NUKUNU, N. (2009): Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST): A methodology for sustainable hygiene and sanitation behaviour change with experience from the Bawku West District of Ghana. Accra (Ghana): West Africa Regional Sanitation and Hygiene Symposium. URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This project management tutorial is intended for anyone who is involved in or will be involved in projects that take place within or are conducted in association with DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services). The text, however, has been prepared in such a way that it can be used by other organisations, particularly those in the non-profit sector, that use project-based working methods.

BAARS, W. (2006): Project Management Handbook, Version 1.1 – July 2006. URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This document describes the Water Safety Plan approach with relevant case studies.

DAVISON, A. HOWARD, G. STEVENS, M. CALLAN, P. FEWTRELL, L. DEERE, D. BARTRAM, J. (2005): Water Safety Plans: Managing Drinking-Water Quality from Catchment to Consumer. Geneva: World Health Organization URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

IRC (2012): Costing sustainable services. Module 1. The Hague: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

CLUES presents a complete set of guidelines for sanitation planning in low-income urban areas. It is the most up-to-date planning framework for facilitating the delivery of environmental sanitation services for urban and peri-urban communities. CLUES features seven easy-to-follow steps, which are intended to be undertaken in sequential order. Step 5 of the planning approach relies on the Compendium, applying the systems approach to select the most appropriate technological option(s) for a given urban context. The document also provides guidance on how to foster an enabling environment for sanitation planning in urban settings. Published in 2011, 100 pages, with a memory key.

LUETHI, C. MOREL, A. TILLEY, E. ULRICH, L. (2011): Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES). Dubendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

Sustainability is without doubt one of the most burning subject matters that subsumes many of the issues that we are seeing in CLTS and wider WASH practice. There have been several useful studies on sustainability that have highlighted some of the different aspects as well as the complexities involved. However, it is unclear how much of the learning from these studies has been built into current and future programming and practice. Based on existing research and our own understanding, this issue of Frontiers of CLTS is an attempt at an up to date synthesis of where we are at the beginning of 2015. In the issue, we identify some priority areas for learning: How to phase in sanitation marketing; Post-ODF engagement of government, NGOS, donors and others; How to ensure equity and inclusion; How to transform social norms; Monitoring, learning, changing

CAVILL, S. CHAMBERS, R. VERNON, N. (2015): Sustainability and CLTS: Taking Stock. (= Frontiers of CLTS: Innovations and Insights , 4 ). Brighton: Institute of Development Studies URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

IRC (2010): WASHCost’s theory of change: reforms in the water sector and what they mean for the use of unit costs. Working Paper 1. The Hague: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

In 2004, the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality recommended that water suppliers develop and implement "Water Safety Plans" (WSPs) in order to systematically assess and manage risks. Since this time, governments and regulators, water suppliers and practitioners have increasingly embraced this approach, but they have also requested further guidance. This much-anticipated workbook answers this call by describing how to develop and implement a WSP in clear and practical terms. Stepwise advice is provided through 11 learning modules, each representing a key step in the WSP development and implementation process.

BARTRAM, J. CORRALES, L. DAVISON, A. DEERE, D. DRURY, D. GORDON, B. HOWARD, G. RINEHOLD, A. STEVENS, M. (2009): Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-step Risk Management for Drinking-water Suppliers. Geneva/London: World Health Organization (WHO); International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This policy perspective summarises key messages about the economic case for water investment, the barriers to investment and the financing gap. It charts a course for action to better value water and to facilitate water investment at scale. The Roundtable on Water Financing, a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Water Council and the Netherlands, will continue to deepen the evidence base and broaden engagement on these issues.

(2018): Financing Water: Investing in Sustainable Growth. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019] PDF

This document describes the framework set by the Government of India to meet its overall goal of transforming urban India into community-driven, totally sanitised, healthy and liveable cities and towns.

MOUD (2008): National Urban Sanitation Policy. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD). URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTK_5xV6wuA [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This video by IRC’s WASHCost project examines the full costs of building traditional latrines in Mozambique. There, cost data for planning are collected by local authorities. They gather the information around households in the area. Households are visited and their sanitation situation is assessed. This gives a clear picture of what is actually achieved.

This paper reviews five different sustainability assessment tools that are currently in use for programme monitoring of WASH interventions. The selected tools all have a developed framework that has each been pilot tested and produces an objective and quantifiable output (e.g., final score or percentage) that can be used to trigger improvements to programme design or take remedial actions.

BOULENOUAR, J. SCHWEITZER, R. LOCKWOOD, H. (2013): Mapping Sustainability Assessment Tools to Support Sustainable Water and Sanitation Service Delivery. (= Working Paper , 6 ). The Hague: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), Water Services that Last URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This document describes how the CLTS approach came to live, how it was further developed and how the application of this approach was dispread all over the world.

WSP (2007): Community-Led Total Sanitation in Rural Areas. An Approach that Works. Washington DC: Water and Sanitation Program URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

The aim of this training manual is to share insights and experience of participatory water resource management approaches and tools, as developed by EMPOWERS and to train participants in specific tools for planning of water development and management projects at local community levels. The training manual operates as a guideline for training courses held by EMPOWERS.

INWRDAM-EMPOWERS (2006): Training Manual for: Pro-poor participatory planning of community water services. INWRDAM-EMPOWERS URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]