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This review offers a framework that draws upon and contributes to existing evidence across the three crucial challenges to scaling MBS—appropriate product and business model choices, viability of sanitation enterprises, and difficulty of unlocking public and private financing for sanitation. It also helps funders and implementers design, analyze, and improve MBS interventions and offers guidance for stakeholders and governments interested in using sanitation markets to expand sanitation coverage and reduce open defecation. In addition, this review highlights the larger contextual parameters that determine the applicability of MBS within a given market.
USAID (2018): Scaling Market Based Sanitation: Desk review on market based rural sanitation development programs. Washington, DC: USAID Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability (WASHPaLS) Project URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]Aquaculture is increasingly complementing global fisheries and is relevant to ocean and freshwater health, biodiversity and food security, as well as coastal management, tourism and natural heritage. This book makes the case for treating the governance of this industry as meriting attention in its own right, abandoning the polemic discussions of fish farming and opening up new ways for debating its past, present and future.
CARTER, C. (2018): The Politics of Aquaculture - Sustainability Interdependence, Territory and Regulation in Fish Farming. London: Routledge URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]Productive reuse of faecal sludge while safeguarding public health and the environment is important for meeting multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Application of the ‘multiple barrier approach’
can help achieve safe reuse without requiring costly faecal sludge treatment that may be unaffordable. This study demonstrates the need to continue to build sector capacity through practical application of the multi-barrier approach, and through such pilot studies, to understand and avoid common pitfalls and limitations of the approach.
ABEYSURIYA, K. KHAWAJA, N. MILLS, F. CARRARD, N. KOME, A. WILLETTS, J. (2017): Applying the WHO’s multi-barrier approach to faecal sludge reuse. Learning Brief. المُدخلات: SNV Netherlands Development Organisation (SNV), The Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology Sydney (ISF-UTS): URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]The book shows that until recently the linkage between full business value and water stewardship has been missing from the corporate agenda. This linkage and value creation from a leading water strategy is increasingly important to socially responsible investors and "aspirationals" who value companies that have a social mission or focus to their overall business strategy. In general the largest portion of a company’s market capitalization is intangible value and understanding how a water strategy contributes to this intangible value is essential.
SARNI, W. GRANT, D. (2018): Water Stewardship and Business Value. Creating Abundance from Scarcity. London: Routledge URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]Innovations for Urban Sanitation has been developed in response to calls from practitioners for practical guidance on how to mobilize communities and improve different parts of the sanitation chain in urban areas. Urban Community-Led Total Sanitation is potentially an important piece of a bigger puzzle. It offers a set of approaches, tools and tactics for practitioners to move towards safely managed sanitation services. The book provides examples of towns and cities in Africa, South Asia and South-East Asia which have used these approaches.
MYERS, J. CAVILL, S. MUSYOKI, S. PASTEUR, K. STEVENS, L. (2018): Innovations for Urban Sanitation: Adapting Community-led Approaches . Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018] PDFExposure to fecal contamination in public areas, especially in dense, urban environments, may significantly contribute to enteric infection risk. This study examined associations between sanitation and fecal contamination in public environments in four low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana.
BERENDES, D. KIRBY, A. CLENNON, J. AGBEMABIESE, C. AMPOFO, J. et al. (2018): Urban sanitation coverage and environmental fecal contamination: Links between the household and public environments of Accra, Ghana . المُدخلات: PLOS ONE : URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]To reduce open defecation, many implementers use the intervention strategies of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), which focuses on initial latrine construction rather than ongoing latrine maintenance, repair and rebuilding. However using data from a cross-sectional survey, this article shows how physical, personal, social context and psychosocial factors from the RANAS model (risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation) are associated with participation in CLTS interventions, and how these factors connect to ongoing latrine maintenance and rebuilding.
MOSLER, H. MOSCH, S. HARTER, M. (2018): Is Community-Led Total Sanitation connected to the rebuilding of latrines? Quantitative evidence from Mozambique. المُدخلات: PLoS ONE : Volume 13 Issue 5 URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]IWMI’s research found that farmers who received longer training in water governance and management tended to participate more actively in their WUAs than farmers who were trained over relatively short periods of time.
IWMI (2018): Strengthening participatory irrigation management in Tajikistan. المُدخلات: IMWI Water Policy Brief: Issue 41 URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]A holistic response to MHM is lacking. Despite the importance and omnipresent issue of MHM in any emergency context, and the potential for cross‑sectoral links of MHM within the cluster system, there is a lack of policy and agency guidelines to support these sectors to conduct a holistic MHM response
NELIS, T. (2018): Menstrual Hygiene Management in Humanitarian Emergencies. Operational Practice Paper 3. المُدخلات: Humanitarian Learning Centre: URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]There is much anecdotal evidence related to the importance of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in schools for girls' educational progression, yet a lack of comprehensive quantitative studies on linkages between WASH and educational indicators disaggregated by gender and grade. This paper aims to fill that gap by testing the hypothesis that the presence of water and sanitation facilities in schools can increase female-to-male enrolment ratios and reduce repetition and drop-out-ratios for girls, especially at ages when they menstruate. Quantitative analyses were undertaken of Education Management Information System (EMIS) data collected from over 10,000 schools in Zambia, to explore relationships between WASH facility provision in schools and enrolment, repetition and drop-out ratios disaggregated by gender and grade. Results indicated that improved sanitation provision in schools was correlated with high female-to-male enrolment ratios, and reduced repetition and drop-out ratios, especially for girls.
AGOL, D. HARVEY, P. MAÍLLO, J. (2018): Sanitation and water supply in schools and girls' educational progression in Zambia. المُدخلات: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development : Volume 8 Issue 1, 53–61. URL [Accessed: 13.09.2018]