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This report of a group project by the University of Cranfield assesses the effectiveness of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in measuring progress along the results chain. The assessment is conducted by analysing different Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) approaches in the WASH sector and leads to recommendations for the Centre of Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) to incorporate into their M&E approach.

ABUBAKARI, Z. KUNIMOTO, S. NEILL, R. SUTCLIFFE, A. ZETEK, U. (2013): Approaches and Practices in Monitoring and Evaluation of Capacity Building within the WASH Sector. Group Project Report. Cranfield: Cranfield University and Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST)

This pdf contains questions as an exercise for the STEP University Module 2. The questions cover the topic: Water treatment.

JENSSEN, P.D. (2012): Questions Module 2: Water Treatment. PDF

This presentation gives an introduction to HCES and the Bellagio principles, focussing on stakeholder participation and introducing the GTZ Ecosan project steps. Furthermore, some ecosan pilot projects are presented, and challenges for further implementation highlighted.

WERNER, C. KLINGEL, F. MANG, H. P. BRACKEN, P. PANESAR, A. (2005): Planning and Implementation of Ecological Sanitation Projects. Eschborn: Ecological Sanitation Programme of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ)

This presentation contains an analysis of different household water treatment options with different research findings on boiling.

CLASEN, T. (2008): Household Water Treatment: effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and the challenges and policy issues of scaling up. (Presentation). London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

The city of Kuching is currently lacking a wastewater treatment plant, and the local subsurface conditions make a conventional centralised wastewater system expensive to implement. Most buildings are equipped with two separate wastewater outlets, one outlet for blackwater and one for greywater. The proposed system treats greywater from nine households, and consists of a baffled septic tank, followed by a dosing chamber from where the greywater flows into four vertical down-flow, single-pass aerobic biofilters before reaching a subsurface horizontal-flow planted filter. Finally, the treated greywater is discharged into a stormwater drain.

MOREL A. DIENER S. (2006): Ecosan Greywater Demonstration Project. Case study from Kuching, Malaysia. المُدخلات: MOREL, A. ; DIENER, S. ; (2006): Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of Different Treatment Systems for Households or Neighbourhoods. Duebendorf: 76-79.

SYTNIK, S. (2012): Right Displaced: The Effects of Long-Term Encampment n the Human Rights of Refugees. (= Refugee Law Initiative, Working Paper No. 4 ). London: London School of Economics and Political Science

Agenda/Courseplan from the SSWM Training of Trainers held at the University of Zambia in Lusaka Zambia in June 2012.

SEECON (2012): SSWM Training of Trainers Lusaka 2012 Agenda.

SCHELWALD-VAN DER KLEY, L. REIJERKERK, L. (2009): Water: A Way of Life. Sustainable Water Management in a Cultural Context. Leiden: CRC Press

DESAI, A.G. (n.y): Hydraulic Tables for Pipelines, Circular Sewers and Drains. Ahmedabad: Deep Publishers

TCHOBANOGLOUS, G. BURTON, F. L. STENSEL, H. D. METCALF & EDDY Inc. (2003): Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse. (= Fourth Edition ). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

MADDEN, K., YOUNG, R., BRADY, K., HALL, J. (2006): Eco-efficiency. Learning Module. World . المُدخلات: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, WBCSD. :

These guidelines provide a thorough background on the safe use of urine and faeces for agricultural purposes. Aspects like the health risk associated we the use of human excreta in agriculture and how to limit them are discussed.

SCHOENNING, C. STENSTROEM, T.A. (2004): Guidelines on the Safe Use of Urine and Faeces in Ecological Sanitation Systems. (= EcoSanRes Publication Series ). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

EARWAKER, P. (2006): Evaluation of Household Biosand Filters in Ethiopia. (= Master Thesis ). Silsoe: Cranfield University

In collaboration with the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Eawag has previously demonstrated that constructed wetlands, especially in Thailand, offer a viable solution for the treatment of faecal sludge. However, since the characteristics of sludge vary widely from one region to another, appropriate indigenous plants had to be identified so as to ensure successful operation of these facilities.

KONE, D. ; KENGE, I. (2008): Technology Transfer – Forage Plants Used in Faecal Sludge Dewatering Beds in Sub-Saharan Africa. المُدخلات: Sandec News: Volume 9

Im Jahr 1998 hat die ATV-DVWK erstmalig Bemessungsvorgaben für bepflanzte Bodenfilter in Form eines Arbeitsblattes veröffentlicht. Die seither gesammelten Praxiserfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass der Vorbehandlung ein größerer Stellenwert einzuräumen ist und die Flächenbemessung nach den bisherigen Vorgaben unzureichend war. In der vorliegenden Neufassung des Arbeitsblattes DWA-A 262 finden die aktuellen Erkenntnisse Berücksichtigung.

DWA (2006): Arbeitsblatt DWA-A 262: Grundsaetze fuer Bemessung, Bau und Betrieb in Pflanzenklaeranlagen mit bepflanzten Bodenfiltern zur biologischen Reinigung kommunalen Abwassers. Hennef: Deutsche Vereinigung fuer Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V. (DWA)

Language: German

HEEB, J. JENSSEN, P. GNANAKAN, K. CONRADIN, K. (2007): Annex: Overview of Conventional Wastewater Treatment Systems. المُدخلات: HEEB, J. ; JENSSEN, P. ; GNANAKAN ; CONRADIN, K. ; (2008): Ecosan Curriculum 2.3. Switzerland, India and Norway: .

BENS, I. (2005): Facilitating with ease! Core skills for facilitators, team leaders and members, managers, consultants and trainers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass

This Factsheet by WaterAid explains the impacts of unsafe water, poor sanitation and bad hygiene on children and what can be done to address these problems.

WATERAID (2008): Children and WaterAid. Issue sheet. London: WaterAid

EVANS, B. (2013): Management of conflict.

Course agenda for Training of Trainers workshop in Managua, Nicaragua, September 30 - October 4, 2013

SEECON (2013): Course Agenda TOT Workshop Nicaragua, September 2013. SSWM Training of Trainers. Managua: SEECON