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This case study reports construction of two double-vault UDDT demonstration toilets for 56 teachers from Daraja II primary school, Arusha, Tanzania. The school has a total of 2,457 students who share 17 pit latrines. The idea was to give the teachers time to understand the resource oriented concepts and especially the O&M part with their own facilities. In the future, when the teachers are familiar with the project, the project may be upscaled.

SENZIA, M.A. (2010): UDDTs for a Primary School, Arusha, Tanzania - Draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEftEbiIPaI [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

Green Toilet Talks (Part 1): A Documentary on Ecological Sanitation, explaining compost toilets.

This case study reports the establishment of 23 community ecosan UDDTs at “barrio centres” and at primary schools (at 14 different locations), frequented by an estimated total of 1,000 people in the province Misamis Oriental, Philippines. The double-vault UDDT design was adopted from ecosan projects of the allotment gardens in Cagayan de Oro City. The concrete urine-diversion pedestals are manufactured by the WAND Foundation. Urine is diluted with water (1:15 dilution) and is used as fertilizer in household vegetable gardens, fruit orchards, and seedling nurseries where the seedlings are raised. When both faeces vaults are full (approximately one year for each vault, so 2 years in total), the faeces will be further decomposed in a vermicomposting process before being used as soil conditioner.

SAYRE, E. MUENCH, E. (2009): Rural Community and School UDD Toilets in Misamis Oriental, Libertad, Initao and Manticao, Philippines. (= SuSanA Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This case study reports upgrading of water supply and sanitation facilities for 350 students and 50 teachers at the girls boarding school of the “Sacred Heart Sisters” in Kalungu, Uganda. For the students, the existing pit latrines were replaced by 45 UDDTs, which are in line with the “National Strategy to promote ecological sanitation in Uganda”. For the teachers, a UDDT building was constructed near the entrance of the school to serves as a demonstration unit for visitors. The remaining wastewater (greywater with a small share of black water from the sisters' house where three flush toilets are still used) is treated in a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland.

MUELLEGGER, E. SCHLICK, J. WERNER, Ch. (2009): UDD Toilets at a Girls Secondary School, Kalungu, Uganda. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

ENVIROLET (n.y): Envirolet modern pre-fab home or cottage installation. Envirolet Waterless Remote System URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

Case study on a rural UDDT project with urine reuse in Negros Oriental, Philippines.

LIPKOW, U. SuSanA (2009): Urine-diversion dehydration Toilets in Rural Areas.. (pdf presentation). (= SuSanA case study ). Bayawan City, Philippines: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This case study reports replacement of pit latrines with a UDDT block (six single-vault UDDTs) for Nelson Mandela School, a private school from grade 1 to 9 with a total of 200 students and teachers, in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The school staff operates and maintains the toilet (storage conditions of excreta, urine, hand washing facilities, cleaning of toilets, provision of drying agent like ash). The school janitor is responsible for providing the drying agents.

KASSA, K. (2010): UDD Toilets for Nelson Mandela Private School, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

CHARY, S. (2009): The Cost of Coping with Intermittent Water Supply in India – CHART. المُدخلات: Global water Intelligence: Volume 10 URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This case study reports the establishment of single vault UDDTs as a pilot and demonstration project in Rwanda to test the new concept of ecological sanitation with UDDTs in rural primary schools and provide a healthy school environment. Because of the high number of users and the anticipated amount of faeces to be collected per day, UDDTs with a single vault were chosen. The faeces are sanitised in a separate drying shelter.

DUSINGIZUMUREMYI, E. (2010): Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets in Rural Schools Huye and Ngororero Districts, Rwanda. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

Based on the experiences of Waste Concern on implementing decentralized composting facilities in Dhaka and other Asian Cities, this manual provides step-by-step guidelines on how to initiate and operate small-scale composting facilities in developing countries so as to turn waste into jobs and food security.

ROTHENBERGER, S. ZURBRUGG, C. ENAYETULLAH, I. SINHA, A.H.M. (2006): Decentralized Composting for Cities of Low-and Middle-Income Countries A Users’ Manual. Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC) at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science (EAWAG) and Waste Concern URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

USAID (n.y): Operating and Maintaining Compost Toilets. (= Water for the World, Technical note ). Washington: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This report summarises the technical and operational aspects of the co-composting process (design and mode of operation) that were investigated at a pilot plant in Kumasi (Ghana) between February and June 2002.

IWMI ; SANDEC (2002): Co-composting of Faecal Sludge and Solid Waste. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG), Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC) and International Water Management Institute (IWMI) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

http://www.waterloss-reduction.com/index.php [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

Website of a public-private partnership with the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (GTZ), aiming at reducing the drinking water loss through intelligent pressure management. Guidelines, capacity development tools and a knowledge base are to be found.

Technical brief on the construction of composting toilets.

USAID (n.y): Constructing Compost Toilets. (= Water for the World, Technical note ). Washington: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This booklet follows on from ‘Composting in the Tropics’, which concentrated especially the heap method. This second booklet looks at other methods of producing compost, including variations on the heap method and also describes practices suitable for different climates in the tropics, for example arid areas.

HRDA (1998): Composting in the Tropics II. The Organic Organisation URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This case study reports design and construction of UDDTs at 3 primary boarding schools (with up to 210 pupils each) in rural Gujarat, India. The “compost” (i.e. desiccated faeces and cover material) and urine are applied as soil conditioner and nitrogen-rich liquid fertilizer to flower beds, kitchen gardens, etc.

WAFLER, M. (2009): Sanitation Improvements at Navsarjan Boarding Schools, Gujarat, India – Draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7h1-_SnGTk&feature=related [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

Green Toilet Talks (Part 2): A Documentary on Ecological Sanitation, explaining compost toilets

MIT (n.y): Interactive Community Planning: Community Action Planning (Micro Planning). Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This case study reports pilot-scale implementation of UDDTs for eight households in Arusha, Tanzania. The UDDT technology was adopted from the NGO EEPCO (Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Organization), and chosen due to the fact that the structure is permanent and there is the possibility of using the products from the toilet for local agriculture. Urine is used at the farms around the households as fertilizer.

SENZIA, M.A. (2010): Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets for Households, Arusha, Tanzania – Draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 11.08.2010]

This document is an example of a community action plan in Ache. The document gives a good introduction to the community action plan and explains it principles and how to apply.

UNDEP (n.y): Ache-Nias Settlement Support Program. ANSSP Guidelines. CAP community action plan and Village Mapping. [Accessed: 11.08.2010] PDF