Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
This document contains much background information about phosphorus and its role in the nutrient cycle.
EFMA (2000): Phosphorus: Essential Element for Food Production. Brussels: European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA) URL [Accessed: 20.01.2011]
Along with the usual topics, which includes the peak and the increasing scarcity of phosphorus, this paper also presents some possible solutions how the use of phosphorus can be minimised. As an example, a change in diets as well as recycling of phosphorus could help to reduce the amount of needed phosphorus.
SOIL ASSOCATION (2010): A rock and a hard place – Peak phosphorus and the threat to our food security. Bristol: Soil Association URL [Accessed: 20.01.2011]
Patrick Déry applies in this paper the Hubbert linearisation to phosphorus production to estimate the timeline. The focus lies especially on the peak of production because trouble will start already at this point.
DERY, P. ANDERSON, B. (2007): Peak Phosphorus. Energy Bulletin. Santa Rosa: Post Carbon Institute URL [Accessed: 20.01.2011]
This volume of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality explains requirements to ensure drinking-water safety, including minimum procedures and specific guideline values, and how those requirements are intended to be used. The volume also describes the approaches used in deriving the guidelines, including guideline values. It also includes fact sheets on significant microbial and chemical hazards.
WHO (2006): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. FIRST ADDENDUM TO THIRD EDITION. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Accessed: 19.01.2011]
The purpose of this handbook is to help civil society and those working on water and sanitation issues to adopt a human rights-based approach to advocacy, so that they can improve water and sanitation service regulation and provision at international, national and local levels. Directed primarily at community groups, human rights NGOs, rights-based development practitioners and aid workers, this handbook aims to strengthen human rights-based advocacy by providing innovative and practical suggestions that activists and organisations can use in their work. It also acts as a resource guide for finding further information.
EL-JAZAIRI, L. (2010): Rights to Water and Sanitation: a Handbook for Activists.. London: Freshwater Action Network (FAN) URL [Accessed: 19.01.2011]
The hyacinth’s tissues were analysed to evaluate the removal of copper (Cu), hexavalent chromium (Cr VI), and arsenic (As) from CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate) contaminated water over a 17-day period. The results showed that the hyacinth was not a suitable plant to remediate arsenic and copper.
KEITH, C. BORAZJANI, H. DIEHL, S.V. SU, Y. BALDWIN, B.S. (2006): Removal of Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic by Water Hyacinths. (= Proceedings of the 36th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference, 25th to 26th April 2006 ). Jackson: Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute (MWRRI) URL [Accessed: 18.01.2011]
This paper describes the experience obtained with the design, construction and initial operation of a large-scale wastewater treatment plant in Colombia, consisting of UASB reactors and a facultative pond in series.
SCHELLINGKOUT, A. COLLAZOS, C. J. (1999): Full-scale Application of the UASB Technology for Sewage Treatment. Water Science and Technology URL [Accessed: 18.01.2011]
This study assesses water quality and sanitary conditions to estimate the burden of disease associated with each technology in disability adjusted life years (DALYs). The findings suggest that deep tube wells and rain harvesting provide safe water.
HOWARD, G. ; AHMED, M.F. ; SHAMSUDDIN, A.J. ; MAHMUD, S.G. ; DEERE, D. (2006): Risk Assessment of Arsenic Mitigation Options in Bangladesh. المُدخلات: Journal of Health Population and Nutrition 24: Volume 3 , 346-355. URL [Accessed: 18.01.2011]
This paper examines the use of granular ferric hydroxide to remove both arsenate and arsenite present in drinking water by conduction batch and column studies. Batch and column studies showed that granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) could be effectively used in small water utilities to achieve less than 5 μg As/l in drinking water.
THIRUNAVUKKARASU, O.S. ; VIRARAGHAVAN, T. ; SUBRAMANIAN, K.S. (2003): Arsenic removal from drinking water using granular ferric hydroxide. المُدخلات: Water SA29: Volume 2 , 161-170. URL [Accessed: 18.01.2011]
The study assess the effectiveness of zerovalent iron for arsenic remediation in groundwater, determines removal mechanisms of arsenic and evaluates implications of these processes with regard to the stability of arsenic and long- term remedial performance of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology.
LIEN, H.S. ; WILKIN, R.T. (2005): High-Level Arsenite Removal from Groundwater by zerovalent Iron. المُدخلات: Chemosphere : Volume 59 , 377-386.