Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
A website about various crops and their requirement for water.
FAO website for the correct use of chosen methods in conservation agriculture with a focus on Africa
Diarrhoea kills more children than HIV/Aids, tuberculosis and malaria combined – and its main cause is food and water contaminated with human waste. Liberia's president is trying to change all that.
GEORGE, R. (2012): Dirty Little Secret: The Loo that Saves Lives in Liberia. London: The Guardian URL [Accessed: 13.02.2012]
A corporation located in the United Kingdom focuses on soil organic matter research and practical advices for farmers. There was a case study and a bro-chure released in 2010.
GYA (2010): Profiting from Soil Organic Matter. Harpenden: GY Associates Ltd. URL [Accessed: 10.02.2012]A very useful modular tool of the Agriculture Bureau South Australia. Information about soil management, how to describe the own soil and get to know about soil profiles. Module 1 provides an overview of the characteristics of healthy soils, soil classification and erosion potential. Modules 2 and 3 examine the links between soil and nutrition, module 2 from the perspective of crops and module 3 from that of pasture. Soil biota make a significant contribution to the health of your soil and module 4 examines this is in detail. Module 5 focuses on the management of soil moisture including soils' storage properties, summer weed control and PAW. Module 6 is concerned with the barriers-physical, chemical and biological- to effective root growth.
Project Report
ESCAP ; PJT I (2010): Framework and Action Plans for River Rehabilitation of Small Streams in the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia. Project Report. Bangkok and Indonesia: The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP); Jasa Tirta i Public Corporation (PJT I) URL [Accessed: 07.02.2012]
This document provides an easy to read and yet comprehensive introduction to the water treatment process with slow and rapid sand filters while particularly addressing the multi-barrier principle.
WHO (n.y): Chapter 12: Water Treatment. المُدخلات: WHO (2009): WHO Seminar Pack for Drinking Water Quality. . URL [Accessed: 07.02.2012]Waste Stabilization Pond Systems are summarized and Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems (AIWPS) are investigated. Detailed study about each treatment units and reaction mechanisms are studied. Fecal coliform bacteria removal mechanisms, the effect of parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, organic loading, solar radiation on removal efficiency is investigated. Some of AIWPS applications are given, emphasizing removal efficiencies in every unit. Based on operational simplicity, low cost and high removal efficiencies (99% BOD5, suspended solids and coliform bacteria removal), AIWPS is highly recommended for up to 1000 mg/L BOD5 concentration. Because of its high coliform bacteria removal efficiency, the effluent of AIWPS may be used for irrigation purposes.
ERTAS, T. PONCE, V.M. (2005): Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems. San Diego: San Diego State University (SDSU) URL [Accessed: 07.02.2012]
This research brief discusses what it takes to bring about sustainable sanitation behavior change, cost-effectively, and at scale. Some of the findings: open defecation free (ODF) communities represent the most efficient model for scaling up sustainably; ODF outcomes that materialize late, after many months of triggering, should be subject to intensive verification and periodic recheck; and sanitation behavior change is difficult to ignite in riverbank and waterfront communities and special strategies are needed.
WSP (2011): Factors Associated with Achieving and Sustaining Open Defecation Free Communities: Learning from East Java. Washington, D.C.: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Accessed: 06.02.2012]
This paper draws on the extensive involvement of Kamal Kar with the spread of CLTS in Africa to describe the early stages of the process, elaborate on its developments, and outline insights into the circumstances and features that have facilitated its rapid spread. It also discusses challenges, however, noting several issues that may limit its impact and hinder its dissemination.
KAR, K. MILWARD, K. (2011): Digging In, Spreading Out and Growing Up: Introducing CLTS in Africa. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies (IDS) URL [Accessed: 06.02.2012]
This paper discusses the Midnapore model of sanitation, adopted by the Indian government as a role model of Total Sanitation Campain (TSC). In doing so, the paper examines the factors behind the success of the model, which during the process of replication were probably overlooked. The paper also tries to address some policy level problems in the implementation of TSC.
BANERJEE , T. MANDAL, K. (2011): Revisiting the Midnapore Model after Ten Years of Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in India. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University URL [Accessed: 06.02.2012]
A very comprehensive description on how slow sand filters work and how they can be designed. Many examples, and a good reference list at the end of the article.
THAMES WATER ; UNIVERSITY OF SURREY (2005): Slow Sand Filters. [Accessed: 06.02.2012] PDF
The Gates Foundation contracted Mathematica Policy Research to conduct a retrospective implementation study to understand how the TSSM program was implemented in Indonesia, to learn more about how program monitoring data were collected, and to reconcile some apparent discrepancies between program monitoring data and impact evaluation data involving program progress. This report describes the findings from this study.
AMIN, S. RANGARAJAN, A. BORKUM, E. (2011): Improving Sanitation at Scale: Lessons from Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) Implementation in East Java, Indonesia. Princeton: Mathematica Policy Research URL [Accessed: 06.02.2012]
The object of this volume is to discuss the various aspects of one particular form of water treatment - the "biological filtration" or "slow sand filtration" process. This system of water purification has been in continuous use since the beginning of the nineteenth century, and has proved effective under widely differing circumstances.
HUISMAN, L. WOOD, W.E. (1974): Slow Sand Filtration. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO) URL [Accessed: 06.02.2012]