Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
This children’s book provides information on safe drinking water, ways of water contamination, simple HWTS options presented in attractive illustrations and simple languages so that school children can easily understand them.
ENPHO (2007): Amoeba and Water. Kathmandu and New York: Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This dissertation investigates the commercial viability of point-of-use (POU) water treatment systems (solar treatment, physical treatment and chemical treatment) in lower income settings. Six factors that have helped POU projects approach commercial viability are highlighted, including refining and improving product positioning, leveraging existing health awareness, offering an array of POU options, adapting business practices, finding alternative models of viability, and focusing on key product improvements.
HARRIS, J. (2005): Challenges to the Commercial Viability of Point-of-Use (POU) Water Treatment Systems in Low-Income Settings. Master Thesis. Oxford School of Geography and the Environment Oxford University URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This article describes how to use shock chlorination safely and effectively.
ATILES, J.H. VENDRELL, P.F. (2003): Disinfecting your well water: Shock Chlorination, Housing and Environment. Georgia: The University of Georgia URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This internet link presents the WATA press release and various articles on WATA and the WATASOL approach.
Factsheet on chlorination with NaDCC tablets.
CAWST (2009): Chlorine (NaDCC Tablets). (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheets – Academic ). Alberta: Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This website is a good starting point to get into the subject of biosand filter. It's easy to understand and includes many pictures.
Summary and brief evaluation of the main household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) options for developing countries. Treated options are: chlorination, biosand filtration, ceramic filtration, solar disinfection, filtration and chlorination, flocculation and chlorination.
LANTAGNE, D. S. ; QUICK, R. ; MINTZ, E.D. (2006): Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Options in Developing Countries. Review of Current Implementation Practices. In: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2006): Water Stories: Expanding: Opportunities in small-scale Water and Sanitation Projects: , 17-38. URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, knowledge and the present design of the concrete household biosand water filter in a manner easily understood by readers who may or may not have advanced training in water treatment engineering.
MANZ, D.H. (2004): Biosand Water Filter Technology Household Concrete Design. URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
This paper provides detail information on shock chlorination. It is also available at www.oznet.ksu.edu
POWELL, M ROGERS, D.H. WILLINGHAM, J.M. (2005): Shock Chlorination for Private Water Systems. Kansas State University URL [Accessed: 19.05.2019]
Akvopedia is an open water and sanitation resource and provide information on production of active chlorine with WATA devices.
This website provides general information on chlorine and its different uses, WATA devices (user guides) and quality control reagents as well as on the WATASOL approach and its implementation around the world.
This study evaluated point-of-use chlorination and storage in special plastic containers of gathered household water for improving microbial quality and reducing diarrhoeal incidences among consumers living under conditions of poor sanitation and hygiene.
SOBSEY, M.D. ; HANDZEL, T. ; VENCZEL L. (2003): Chlorination and safe storage of household drinking water in developing countries to reduce waterborne disease. In: Water Science and Technology: Volume 47 , 221-228. URL [Accessed: 18.05.2019]
This 8-pages information paper highlights chlorine’s critical role in providing safe drinking water; the potential health and environmental effects of chlorine and disinfection by-products; and considerations for selecting disinfection methods.
WORLD CHLORINE COUNCIL (2008): Drinking water chlorination. Position Paper URL [Accessed: 18.05.2019]
This document provides a review of the effectiveness of interventions in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector in promoting better health outcomes in developing countries, as measured by the incidence of diarrhoea among children.
WADDINGTON, H. SNILSTEIT, B. WHITE, H. FEWTRELL, L. (2009): Water, sanitation and Hygiene interventions to combat childhood diarrhoea in developing countries. (= Synthetic review, 001 ). New Delhi: International initiative for Impact Evaluation (3IE) URL [Accessed: 18.05.2019]
This book provides unique insights – from the varied perspectives of users, disseminators, producers and retailers – into the marketing challenges of point-of-use water treatment devices.
HEIERLI, U. (2008): Marketing Safe Water Systems: Why it is so hard to get safe water to the poor – and so profitable to sell it to the rich. Bern: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) URL [Accessed: 18.05.2019]