Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
Summary of observations and outputs from roundtable discussions on private sector participation (PSP) in water supply in India and from its follow-up conference. Based on current experiences and existing methods, it provides indications of options and roadmaps for greater effectiveness.
SEETHARAM, K.E. BRIDGES, G. (2006): Helping India Achieve 24x7 Water Supply Service by 2010. (= Water Sector Technical Notes No. 1 ). Asian Development Bank (ADB) URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
Part of a guide and sourcebook on urban water supplies focusing on Asia. This chapter analyses the causes, consequences and some possible solutions of intermittent water supplies.
MCINTOSH, A.C. (2003): Chapter 5. Intermittent Water Supply. In: MCINTOSH, A.C. ; (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. . URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
Guidance notes aimed at staff with little or no experience in leak detection and location techniques and practices. Compilation of international leakage expert's key best practices and technical understandings.
PILCHER, R. HAMILTON, S. CHAPMAN, H. FIELD, D. RISTOVSKI, B. STAPELY, S. (2007): Leak Location and Repair. (= Guidance Notes ). International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
The Water Audit manual gives guidance on all aspects from when water gets to the distribution system to when water finally gets to the consumer. The scope of this water balance manual covers all aspects from the water supplied to the distribution system as well as water losses and/or used with the distribution system and what eventually reaches to the customer¿s premises and is billed/converted into revenue for the utility. The manual covers the procedures for determination of the various components of the water balance.
UN-HABITAT (2013): Water Audit Manual. (= Utility Management Series for Small Towns , 4 ). Nairobi: UN-HABITAT URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Guide and sourcebook on urban water supplies, focusing on Asia. It looks at problems and solutions related to water resources management, private sector participation, non-revenue water… The book proposes a new approach to the development and management of water supplies, based on transparent government policy and regulation, and the involvement of civil society.
MCINTOSH, A.C. (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. Asian Development Bank (ADB) and International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Paper presented at the IWA's fourth World Water Congress in Marrakech. Guide to elaborate a “universal” non-revenue water reduction strategy, also applicable in developing countries. Divided in two parts. Part 1: Investigating and Assessing Water Losses, Part 2: Planning and Implementing the Strategy.
LIEMBERGER, R. FARLEY, M. (2004): Developing a Non-Revenue Water Reduction Strategy. Marrakech: International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Manual aimed at professionals, for leakage assessment and detection, providing details concerning the main methods and guidelines for their application.
CPHEEO (2005): Chapter 15. Water Audit and Leakage Control. In: CPHEEO (2005): Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems. New Delhi: 343-368. URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
This handbook describes the methods and procedures of the Rapid assessment of drinking-water quality (RADWQ) applied by WHO and UNICEF to explore the quality of drinking-water from "improved" sources in five countries. The handbook is for adoption by any authority or institution that wants to prepare a snapshot of the quality of "improved" sources of drinking-water, as a first step towards strengthening drinking-water quality regulations.
WHO ; UNICEF (2012): Rapid assessment of drinking-water quality. A handbook for implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Aimed at professionals, this 6-page publication explains how to calculate a leakage rate and detect and repair leaks.
WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2008): Reduce Leaks Using Water Audits and Leak Detection Surveys. Tumwater: Office of Drinking Water (ODW) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Field note on the implementation of non-revenue water programs through case studies of service providers in India and Vietnam. It describes the managerial and accountability instruments developed, complementary to technical measures.
AGRAWAL, P.C. (2008): Performance Improvement Planning. Designing an Effective Leakage Reduction and Management Program. (= Field Note No. 3 ). Washington: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Compilation of the water balance and non-revenue water in Asia. The publication contains strategies to reduce non-revenue water and other losses through case study, examples and practical measures.
MCINTOSH, A.C. (2003): Chapter 9. Non-Revenue Water. In: MCINTOSH, A.C. ; (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. . URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Case study presentation on Ibague, Colombia, to reduce non-revenue water. Leak detection campaign and commercial losses action plan.
LUPO, F. NGUYEN, P.A. NGUYEN, N.H. (2005): Non Revenue Water Reduction. (= Non Revenue Water Reduction ). FLUIDIS-WMI URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
Water brief on non-revenue water in Asia (30% of its production) examples of applicable measures and positive results.
ADB (2007): Curbing Asia's Nonrevenue Water . (= Water for All Water Briefs ). Asian Development Bank (ADB) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]
This manual includes explanations, installation tips and technical information about VOD vacuum toilets.
JETSGROUP (2005): Instruction Manual VOD. Hareid: Jets AS URL [Accessed: 13.05.2019]
This study researches if the minimised amount of water from low-flush toilets is able to carry waste in drain lines.
GAULEY, B. KOELLER, J. (2005): Evaluation of Low-Flush-Volume Toilet Technologies to Carry Waste in Drain lines. Final Report. Mississauga and Yorba Linda: Veritec Consulting and Koeller and Company URL [Accessed: 13.05.2019]
This review focuses on decentralised systems that treat the potable water (drinking and cooking) of a single household (point-of-use systems) or a community (small-scale systems). For application in developing and transition countries, important boundary conditions for decentralised systems include low costs, ease of use, sustainability, low maintenance and independence of utilities (energy sources). Although some low-cost systems are available, their application is limited by time-consuming daily operation and maintenance. Other systems are too expensive for the poor populations of developing and transition countries and in most cases do not fulfil the system requirements described above. Point-of-use systems based on membranes are commercially available and are designed to operate on tap pressure or gravity.
PETER-VARBANETS, M. ; ZURBRÜGG, C. ; SWARTZ, C. ; PRONK, W. (2009): Review: Decentralized Systems for Potable Water and the Potential of Membrane Technology. In: Water Research: Volume 43 , 245-265. URL [Accessed: 13.05.2019]This website provides background, guidelines, and planning tools for small community water supply.
WHO (2012): Small community water supply management. World Health Organisation (WHO) URL [Accessed: 13.05.2019]
This report has critically reviewed various HWT technologies on the basis of technical, social and economical factors and gives a good overview for an informed choice.
WHO (2002): Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Supply. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Accessed: 13.05.2019]