Technical solutions for the construction of your own slow sand filters are presented.
WATER FOR THE WORLD (n.y): Constructing a Slow Sand Filter. Vienna: Water for the World. Technical Note, No. RWS. 3.C.3 URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]Library
This paper discusses different features of Moringa oleifera seed and assesses it as a potential alternative to aluminium sulphate for water treatment in rural and urban areas. Paper presented on 27th WEDC Conference in Lusaka, Zambia.
NKHATA, D. (2001): Moringa as an Alternative to Aluminium Sulphate. In: People and Systems for Water, Sanitation and Health. Papers of the 27th WEDC Conferences, Zambia: , 236-238. URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]This case study was conducted in Bandung, India. It was investigated to what extent conventional slow sand filters could be improved through backwashing measures and improved aeration processes.
JOSEPHINNE, M. NOTODARMOJO, S. IRSYAD, M. (n.y): Evaluation of single stage dry slow sand filter in removing some physical pollutants from surface water. Case Study of the Cikapundung River. Bandung: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering ITB URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]OXFAM with its long-standing experience in WASH emergencies outlines within these guidelines a comprehensive overview about assessing water quality, treatment technologies, application, installation strategies for bulk water supply and additionally the operation and monitoring of such facilities during emergency operations.
OXFAM (2001): Oxfam Guidelines for Water Treatment in Emergencies. Oxford: Oxfam GB URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]This comprehensive and very well-presented guideline provides much information on the selection and treatment of water sources but also discusses the design and costing of the water supply system, the ordering of material and equipment, the organisation of human resources, and the implementation of projects.
HOUSE, S. REED, B. (1997): Emergency Water Sources. Guidelines for Selection and Treatment. Loughborough: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]Contains all necessary information related to water needs, quality, testing, catchment, treatment, storage and distribution in emergencies, as well as health related issues. Well structured, not too long, good illustrations and graphics.
WISNER, B. ; ADAMS, J. (2002): Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disasters. Chapter 7: Water Supply. A Practical Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]This extensive handbook from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) on emergency responses reflects the multiple dimensions of an emergency response, ranging from emergency management to emergency operations and their support. The handbook mainly looks at emergencies where populations have been displaced from their former living environment.
UNHCR (2007): Handbook for Emergencies. Third Edition. Geneva: UNHCR Emergency Preparedness and Response Section URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]This document outlines the social and economical relevance of photocatalysis, provides background information on the technology, and highlights further challenges to be addressed.
MULLER, N. ; NOWACK, B. ; OY, S. ; SAARI, J. (2010): Photocatalysis for Water Treatment. In: ObservatoryNANO Briefings: URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]The most common technologies for arsenic removal utilise conventional processes like oxidation, co-precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange and membrane techniques. The paper gives a short review of all these technologies, which are used in Bangladesh and India.
AHMED, M. F. (2001): An Overview of Arsenic Removal Technologies in Bangladesh and India. In: BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ; UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY (2001): Technologies for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water. Dhaka: 251-269. URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]This presentation given in a course at the New Jersey Institute of Technology gives a theoretical and technical overview of adsorption on granular activated carbon.
ARMENANTE, P.M. (n.y): Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) . URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]This publication describes the combination of ozone and ultrasounds for the disinfection and discoloration of domestic wastewater treatment plant effluents for reuse purposes.
SELCUK, H. ; NADDEO, V. ; BELGIONO, V. (2007): Advanced Treatment by Ozonation and Sonolysis for Domestic Wastewater Reuse. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology: URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]Factsheet on the principles, construction, operation and maintenance of kanchan filters (for arsenic and pathogen removal) for drinking water treatment at household level.
CAWST (2009): Kanchan Filter. Fact Sheet - Academic. (= Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet - Academic ). Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]These equipment packages have been devised by the Oxfam Public Health Engineering Team and others to help provide a reliable water supply, primarily for emergency situations such as in refugee camps and disaster-relief operations. The equipment is designed to be readily available, easily transported, simple to use, rapidly assembled, and fully self-contained, to provide an adequate water supply at moderate cost.
OXFAM (2000): Water, Sanitation, and Shelter Equipment. For Emergencies and Longer Term Use. Oxford: OXFAM URL [Accessed: 21.05.2019]