Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
This is a very detailed lecture note about vacuum sewer systems. It contains descriptions, technical graphs and calculations about a vacuum sewer system.
PDH ENGINEER (2007): Vacuum Sewers: Design and Installation Guidelines. Alexandria, Virginia: Water Environment Federation URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]
The Schoalhaven City Council describes the system of pressurised sewering and its experiences.
SCHOALHAVEN WATER (n.y): Pressure Sewer System.. Shoalhaven: Shoalhaven City Council URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]
This technical data sheet contains a general description as well as detailed information on different types of vacuum technologies.
GTZ (2005): Vacuum Technology (Low Pressure Systems). (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 04-B1 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 29.05.2019]
The purpose of this document is to disseminate the simplified sewer technology more widely in the developing world, so that it can be used in peri-urban sanitation programmes and projects to improve health of poor communities. The document contains chapters on theory, planning and also practical advice.
MARA, D. SLEIGH, A. (2001): PC Based Simplified Sewer Design. Leeds: University of Leeds URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This document is the final report of the MAPET project in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Project objectives were to contribute to the improvement of environmental sanitation in unplanned areas by facilitating an effective and hygienic pit emptying services, and to improve the informal traditional pit emptying method by making it more efficient and hygienic.
MULLER, M.S. RIJNSBURGER J. (1992): MAPET. A neighbourhood based pit emptying service with locally manufactured hand pump equipment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Gouda: WASTE advisers on urban environment and development URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]The Henderson Water Utility (HWU) webpage contains useful information which shows the difference between combined and separated sewer systems.
This factsheet deals with technical aspects of gravity sewers: applicability, advantages and disadvantages, design criteria, performance, O&M, costs, etc.
U.S. EPA (n.y): Sewers, Conventional Gravity. (= Collection Systems Technology Fact Sheets ). United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This document was orginially presented for MSc Course on "Renewable Energy and the Environment” at the University of Reading. It present basic therotical principals for the technical design of biogas burners.
FULFORD, D. (1996): Biogas Stove Design. A short course. Kingdom Bioenergy Ltd.; University of Reading URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This short document describes the functioning of the gulper technology to empty pit latrines or septic tanks.
IaW (2007): The Gulper – a manual latrine/drain pit pump. Phnom Penh/Casteren: Ideas at Work (IaW) URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This book published by Eawag/Sandec compiles existing and recently generated knowledge on anaerobic digestion of urban biowaste at small and medium scale with special consideration given to the conditions prevailing in developing countries. Written for actors working in the waste and renewable energy sector, the book is divided into two parts: Part 1 focuses on practical information related to the anaerobic digestion supply chain (substrate-, process-, and product chain), and Part 2 presents selected case studies from around the world.
VOEGELI, Y. LOHRI, C.R. GALLARDO, A. DIENER, S. ZURBRUEGG, C. EAWAG (2014): Anaerobic Digestion of Biowaste in Developing Countries. Practical Information and Case Studies. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This article reviews low-cost sewerage options, their potential and their limitations. It also provides guidance on how to choose the most appropriate option, and gives examples of their successful application.
MARA, D. (1996): Low-cost Sewerage. Leeds: University of Leeds URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This technical brief describes several possibilities of emptying pit latrines and helps to find the most suitable method.
PICKFORD, J. SHAW, R. (1997): Emptying Pit Latrines. (= Technical Briefs, No. 54 ). Loughborough: Water and Environmental health at London and Loughborough (WELL) URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
This technical note describes the main technical elements involved in designing a sewer system.
USAID (1982): Designing Sewer Systems. Washington D.C. (USA): United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Water for the World -Technical Note No. SAN.2.D.4 URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
Over the coming 90 years, combined sewer systems will be phased out in the Municipality of Aalborg. Instead, the Municipality will introduce separate systems for stormwater and sewage.
LADEN, B. (2010): No more overloaded sewer systems. Copenhagen: Information Center for Climate Change Adaptation, Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy, Danish Energy Agency URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
A study on management and institutional aspects regarding the challenges and possible improvements in managing faecal sludge.
STRAUSS, M. MONTANGERO, A. (2002): FS Management – Review of Practices, Problems and Initiatives. London and Duebendorf: DFID Project R8056, Capacity Building for Effective Decentralised Wastewater Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG), Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC) URL [Accessed: 28.05.2019]
Decentralized anaerobic digestion is a promising technology to handle the large organic fraction of the municipal solid waste (e.g. kitchen waste) with the additional benefit of producing biogas as well as fertilizer. This paper evaluates the suitability of the ARTI Compact biogas system as a decentralised low-tech treatment option for the organic fraction of household waste in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
LOHRI (2009): Research on Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste at Household Level in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (= Bachelor Thesis ). Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) URL [Accessed: 27.05.2019]This is homepage of the EAWAG project on fertiliser production form urine (NOVA 6) presents results form pot test and field experiments of the application in agriculture and steps forward for scaling up.
Presentation on experiences with the use of urine (and faeces) in agriculture including research results, conducted taste tests and calculations on the fertiliser value.
DAGERSKOG, L. SuSanA (2009): Urine and Faeces as Fertilizers in the CREPA Network. pdf presentation. (= SuSanA presentation WG , 5 ). Ouagadougou: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance URL [Accessed: 27.05.2019]
Different strategies and methods to achieve the target of recovering phosphorus from sludge are discussed based on reports from the Swedish environment protection agency (SEPA) and with special emphasis on extraction of phosphate from wastewater, sludge and ash at central plants. Some possible improvements are briefly discussed, such as the use of certain comparatively clean sludge fractions and use of two-stage technology for the recovery.
HULTMAN, B. LEVLIN, E. PLAZA, E. STARK, K. (n.y): Phosphorus Recovery from Sludge in Sweden - Possibilities to meet proposed Goals in an efficient, sustainable and economical Way. URL [Accessed: 27.05.2019]