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Population, Sex Ratios and Development in Greenland

During the 20th century, Greenland society experienced a dramatic transformation from scattered settlements based on hunting, with mostly turf dwellings, to an urbanizing post-industrial economy. This transformation compressed socioeconomic development that took centuries to millennia elsewhere into a few generations. The incomplete demographic transition that accompanied this development broadly followed the classical pattern, but with distinctive variations relating to Greenland’s arctic environment, sparse population, and historical interactions between two cultures: an indigenous inuit majority and an influential Danish minority. Tne heritage from Danish colonial administration, and continued more recently under Greenland Home Rule, has been the maintenance of population statistics. Time series of demographic indicators, some going back into the 18th century, provide a uniquely detailed view of the rapid hunting-to-post-industrial transition. Changing sex ratios—an early excess of females, shifting more recently to an excess of males—reflect differential impacts of social, economic, and technological developments.

HAMILTON, L.C. ; RASMUSSEN, R.O. (2009): Population, Sex Ratios and Development in Greenland. URL [Accessed: 14.06.2018]
World Business Council for Sustainable Development – water section.
https://www.wbcsd.org/Programs/Food-Land-Water/Water [Accessed: 11.06.2018]

A platform providing information and methodologies for inclusive entrepreneurs to achieve Sustainable Development Goal number 6 - ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Businesses can offer sustainable water solutions via the goods, services and technologies they provide, and through innovative collaboration models.

An enabling environment for sustainable enterprises

Link by ILO

http://www.ilo.org/empent/units/boosting-employment-through-small-enterprise-development/WCMS_169675/lang--en/index.htm [Accessed: 11.06.2018]

The ILO has devised its own assessment tool, Enabling Environment for Sustainable Enterprises (EESE), as a basis for providing evidence-based recommendations on how to improve the business-enabling environment. This unique tool focuses on the political, economic, social and environmental aspects of doing business.

Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India

Poor sanitation remains a major public health concern linked to several important health outcomes; emerging evidence indicates a link to childhood stunting. In India over half of the population defecates in the open; the prevalence of stunting remains very high. Recently published data on levels of stunting in 112 districts of India provide an opportunity to explore the relationship between levels of open defecation and stunting within this population.

SPEARS, D. ; GHOSH, A. ; CUMMING, O. (2013): Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India. An Ecological Analysis of New Data from 112 Districts. In: PLOS ONE: Volume 9 URL [Accessed: 10.06.2018] PDF
Statistics
WATERAID.ORG (2018): Statistics. URL [Accessed: 09.06.2018]
Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trials of Individual and Combined Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Nutritional Interventions in Rural Bangladesh and Kenya

Water quality, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions can independently reduce enteric infections and growth faltering. There is little evidence that directly compares the effects of these individual and combined interventions on diarrhoea and growth when delivered to infants and young children. The objective of the WASH Benefits study is to help fill this knowledge gap.

ARNOLD, B.F. ; NULL, C. ; LUBY, S. ; UNICOMB, L. ; STEWART, C. ; DEWEY, K. ; AHMED, T. ; ASHRAF, S. ; CHRISTENSEN, G. ; CLASEN, T. ; DENTZ, H.N. ; FERNALD, L.C.H. ; HAQUE, R. ; HUBBARD, A. ; KARIGER, P. ; LEONTSINI, E. ; LIN, A. ; NJENGA, S.M. ; PICKERING, A.J. ; RAM, P.K. ; TOFAIL, F. ; WINCH, P. ; COLFORD, J.M. (2013): Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trials of Individual and Combined Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Nutritional Interventions in Rural Bangladesh and Kenya. The WASH Benefits Study Design Rationale. In: BMJ Open.: URL [Accessed: 09.06.2018] PDF
Water Facts
WATER.ORG (2018): Water Facts. URL [Accessed: 08.06.2018]
Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health - Assessment of Risk and Risk Management for Water-related Infectious Disease

The quality of water, whether it is used for drinking, irrigation or recreational purposes, is significant for health in both developing and developed countries worldwide. Water quality can have a major impact on health, both through outbreaks of waterborne disease and by contributing to the background rates of disease. Accordingly, countries develop water quality standards to protect public health. Recognising this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a series of normative “guidelines” that present an authoritative assessment of the health risks associated with exposure to health hazards through water and of the effectiveness of approaches to their control.

FEWTRELL, L. and BARTRAM, J. (2001): Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health - Assessment of Risk and Risk Management for Water-related Infectious Disease . IWA Publishing URL [Accessed: 07.06.2018]