The analysis of different removal and recovery techniques for nutrients in urine shows that in many cases recovery is energetically more efficient than removal and new production from natural resources.
MAURER, M. ; SCHWEGLER, T. ; SCHWEGLER, P. ; LARSEN, T.A. (2003): Nutrients in urine: energetic aspects of removal and recovery. In: Water Science and Technology 8: Volume 1 , 37-46.