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Spain is a country where water can be scarce and as result of this water scarcity, conflicts between different stakeholders can arise. Information and participation is essential to solve conflicts and scenario building helps to understand problems and main issues which could strengthen further in future.

MARTINEZ-SANTOS, P. VARELA-ORTEGA, C. HERNANDED-MORA, N. (2007): Making inroads towards adaptive water management through stakeholder involvement, the NeWater experience in the Upper Guadiana basin, Spain. (= =Proceeding of the CAIWA International Conference on Adaptive & integrated Water Management, 12th to 15th November 2007; Session E4 ). URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This SEAGA Field Handbook is written for development agents who work directly with local communities in developing countries. It is intended for outsiders such as extensionists, government and non-government field workers, and private- and public-sector development consultants, and for insiders such as community organisers and leaders of local groups and institutions. The purpose of this handbook is to support participatory development planning at the community level.

FAO (2001): Field Level Handbook. SEAGA Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis Programme. Rome (Italy): FAO URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This handbook introduces various participatory tools used within the participatory rural appraisal framework.

ADEBO, S. (2000): Training Manual on Participatory Rural Appraisal. Addis Ababa: My Fire Community URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

A concrete example about the use of Venn diagrams and what they can detect. The use of Venn diagram is simple, but it is not without any problems as this example shows.

FARNWORTH, C.R. (1998): Musing on the use of chapati diagrams. In: PLA Notes 1998: Volume 31 , 9-12. URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This document offers the most important information to know for managing coloured cards.

METAPLAN GMBH (n.y.c) Primer for the Metaplan Technique. How to Moderate Group Discussions Using the Metaplan Technique. Quickborn: Metaplan URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This task group was devoted to the assessment of the existing low conventional sanitation options and the innovative sanitation technologies. All the feasible technologies available were evaluated using the criteria designed in WP1, based on the existing applications in Africa and other relevant developing countries.

ZURBRUEGG,C. TILLEY, E. (2007): Evaluation of existing low-cost conventional as well as innovative sanitation system and technologies. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

A document that deals with the use of diagrams. This includes not only Venn diagrams but also other types of diagram. The file first it gives an introduction to the type of diagram, then some instructions on how to use them. At the end, an example is presented.

HAWKINS, R. (n.y): System Diagram – Guidelines. Wageningen: International Centre for development oriented Research in Agriculture (ICRA) URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This document in German offers the most important information to know for managing coloured cards.

METAPLAN GMBH (n.y.a) Fibel zur Metaplantechnik. Wie man mit der Metaplantechnik Gruppengespräche moderiert. Quickborn: Metaplan URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This document explains four possible visions in “Interconnecting Water”. The scenarios are not detailed described and some technologies are not even available. The aim of this paper is to inspire people and future generations.

FOKKE, M. REGOORT, P. VOSKAMP, T. STRUKER, A. BERG, M. van den TIMMERS, W. GELDOF, G. EEM, H. van der HENDRIKS, A. WOLDERS, M. O. (2009): Interconnecting Water, Urban Water Cycle Long Term Vision. Den Haag, Gravenhage & Rijswijk: Samenwerken Aan Water URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

This four-page document provides good advice on how to use mind mapping, presents some nice examples and describes the benefits of using mind maps.

VELLIARIS, D. (2009): Mind Mapping. Learning Guide. Aidelade: The University of Adelaide URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

A SWOT analysis which examines the ability of municipalities in Peru to provide an effective and efficient management of their water and sanitation services. This also includes strategic goals which were formulated for a further improvement in the services.

CARE (2006): Experiences with Strategic Planning for Rural Drinking Water and Sanitation in District Municipalities. Lima (Peru): Pilot Project to improve district water and sanitation management and sustainability - PROPILAS URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

A general description on how to do a SWOT analysis.

HORN-HAACKE, L. (n.y): Using SWOT for Project Team Planning Sessions. URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]

The Cap-Net manual is an introduction to essential parts of integrated water resource management (IWRM). Chapter 2 consists of management planning for IWRM, which provides good information about stakeholder process as well.

CAP-NET (2005): Integrated Water Resources Management Plans. Training Manual and Operational Guide. Pretoria: Cap-Net URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

Community engagement in water and sanitation service delivery is key for ensuring project sustainability and accountability. This Topic Brief looks at community engagement approaches used by WSUP in three cities within the African Cities for the Future (ACF) programme: Antananarivo (Madagascar), Kumasi (Ghana) and Maputo (Mozambique). The Topic Brief highlights some of the key challenges, and ends with practical recommendations for programme managers about how to engage low-income communities in the design of water supply and sanitation projects.

WSUP (2013): Getting communities engaged in water and sanitation projects: participatory design and consumer feedback. London: Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP) URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

Activities, facts and slogans to use to motivate young teens to wash their hands with soap. Gives tips and advice on how to motivate school staff and students.

CDC ; AMERICAN CLEANING INSTITUTE (2003): Healthy Schools, Healthy People: A cross-curricular, school-wide education program for middle schools. Atlanta: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

This document provides good advice how to use semi-structured interviews by asking the right questions.

LEECH, B. L. (2002): Asking Questions: Techniques for Semi structured Interviews. In: Political Science and Politics: Volume 35 , 4. URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

This Master Thesis describes a field study that was conducted to understand the multiple perspectives on water and sanitation issues at the biggest slum (Kisnyi) in Kampala, Uganda. Soft Systems Methodology was used, including the drawing of a rich picture by stakeholders.

BEREKET, N. (2009): Water Supply and Sanitation at Kisnyi Slum, Uganda– A Study on Institutional and Stakeholder Perspectives on the Major Issues. Master Thesis. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

This study uses rich pictures In a university teaching environment which aims to encourage students to adopt deep learning (seeking meaning) approaches when learning about information systems. The use and reaction to rich pictures by third year university students are described and illustrated.

HORAN, P. (2000): Using Rich Pictures in Information Systems Teaching. (= (=Proceedings of the first International Conference on Systems Thinking in Management, Geeling, Australia, November 8-10, 2000) ). University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

CAP-NET (2008): Integrated Water Resource Management for River Basin Organisations. Training Manual. Pretoria: CAP-NET URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]

This short PowerPoint presentation explains in a brief way how to do a stakeholder analysis and also contains empty tables that can be directly used for analysing stakeholders.

PUBLIC SECTOR IMPROVEMENT FACILITY (n.y): Stakeholder Analysis. URL [Accessed: 30.06.2019]