Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
Although this document is mainly prepared for companies, it also helps to find out about strategy development within a community as it shows the most important steps to take.
KAPLAN, R. S. NORTON, D. P. BARROWS, E.A. (2008): Developing the Strategy: Vision, Value Gaps, and Analysis. Balanced Scorecard Report. Boston: Harvard Business School URL [Accessed: 08.07.2019]
This three-page factsheet provides short but top-notch information about conflict management. It presents knowledge, tips and skills that are useful in conflict resolution and describes steps to manage a potential conflict.
NRCS (2005): Conflict Management. Greensboro: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Social Sciences Team URL [Accessed: 08.07.2019]
This briefing tries to raise awareness of the links between water issues and conflict and focuses on integrating conflict prevention and natural resource management. The paper discusses direct links between water and conflicts as well as indirect links. In addition, several options and instruments of conflict management are presented.
KRAMER, A. (2004): Water and Conflict. Policy briefing for USAID. Washington DC: Adelphi Research, Center for International Forestry Research, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars URL [Accessed: 08.07.2019]Website maintained by the World Café Community Foundation, containing diverse information about the method.
A SWOT analysis of the Nile Basin Initiative, which is a transboundary river basin management programme. In this paper, the whole initiative is being analysed by a SWOT analysis.
BELAY, A.A. ; SEMAKULA, H.M. ; WAMBURA, G.J. ; JAN, L. (2010): SWOT Analysis and Challenges of Nile Basin Initiative: An Integrated Water Resource Management Perspective. In: Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment 8: , 8-17. URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
The Communities That Care (CTC) coalition started in 2002 as a group of community members interested in addressing alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among youth. The CTC coalition’s community action plan outlines the programs, policies and practices to be implemented and specifies measurable desired outcomes in terms of teen behaviour as well as process measures of the coalitions’ progress toward meeting these goals. Though not from the water and sanitation context, this is still a valuable study to understand community action plans in practice.
CTC Collation (2005): Communities That Care Coalition. Community Action Plan. Massachusetts: CTC Collation URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
Spain is a country where water can be scarce and as result of this water scarcity, conflicts between different stakeholders can arise. Information and participation is essential to solve conflicts and scenario building helps to understand problems and main issues which could strengthen further in future.
MARTINEZ-SANTOS, P. VARELA-ORTEGA, C. HERNANDED-MORA, N. (2007): Making inroads towards adaptive water management through stakeholder involvement, the NeWater experience in the Upper Guadiana basin, Spain. (= =Proceeding of the CAIWA International Conference on Adaptive & integrated Water Management, 12th to 15th November 2007; Session E4 ). URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This SEAGA Field Handbook is written for development agents who work directly with local communities in developing countries. It is intended for outsiders such as extensionists, government and non-government field workers, and private- and public-sector development consultants, and for insiders such as community organisers and leaders of local groups and institutions. The purpose of this handbook is to support participatory development planning at the community level.
FAO (2001): Field Level Handbook. SEAGA Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis Programme. Rome (Italy): FAO URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This handbook introduces various participatory tools used within the participatory rural appraisal framework.
ADEBO, S. (2000): Training Manual on Participatory Rural Appraisal. Addis Ababa: My Fire Community URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
A concrete example about the use of Venn diagrams and what they can detect. The use of Venn diagram is simple, but it is not without any problems as this example shows.
FARNWORTH, C.R. (1998): Musing on the use of chapati diagrams. In: PLA Notes 1998: Volume 31 , 9-12. URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This document offers the most important information to know for managing coloured cards.
METAPLAN GMBH (n.y.c) Primer for the Metaplan Technique. How to Moderate Group Discussions Using the Metaplan Technique. Quickborn: Metaplan URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This task group was devoted to the assessment of the existing low conventional sanitation options and the innovative sanitation technologies. All the feasible technologies available were evaluated using the criteria designed in WP1, based on the existing applications in Africa and other relevant developing countries.
ZURBRUEGG,C. TILLEY, E. (2007): Evaluation of existing low-cost conventional as well as innovative sanitation system and technologies. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
A document that deals with the use of diagrams. This includes not only Venn diagrams but also other types of diagram. The file first it gives an introduction to the type of diagram, then some instructions on how to use them. At the end, an example is presented.
HAWKINS, R. (n.y): System Diagram – Guidelines. Wageningen: International Centre for development oriented Research in Agriculture (ICRA) URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This document in German offers the most important information to know for managing coloured cards.
METAPLAN GMBH (n.y.a) Fibel zur Metaplantechnik. Wie man mit der Metaplantechnik Gruppengespräche moderiert. Quickborn: Metaplan URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This document explains four possible visions in “Interconnecting Water”. The scenarios are not detailed described and some technologies are not even available. The aim of this paper is to inspire people and future generations.
FOKKE, M. REGOORT, P. VOSKAMP, T. STRUKER, A. BERG, M. van den TIMMERS, W. GELDOF, G. EEM, H. van der HENDRIKS, A. WOLDERS, M. O. (2009): Interconnecting Water, Urban Water Cycle Long Term Vision. Den Haag, Gravenhage & Rijswijk: Samenwerken Aan Water URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
This four-page document provides good advice on how to use mind mapping, presents some nice examples and describes the benefits of using mind maps.
VELLIARIS, D. (2009): Mind Mapping. Learning Guide. Aidelade: The University of Adelaide URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
A SWOT analysis which examines the ability of municipalities in Peru to provide an effective and efficient management of their water and sanitation services. This also includes strategic goals which were formulated for a further improvement in the services.
CARE (2006): Experiences with Strategic Planning for Rural Drinking Water and Sanitation in District Municipalities. Lima (Peru): Pilot Project to improve district water and sanitation management and sustainability - PROPILAS URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]
A general description on how to do a SWOT analysis.
HORN-HAACKE, L. (n.y): Using SWOT for Project Team Planning Sessions. URL [Accessed: 07.07.2019]