Integrate at the Top, Involve at the Bottom – The Household-Centred Approach to Environmental Sanitation. Paper presented at the IRC Symposium: Sanitation for the Urban Poor Partnerships and Governance

Integrate at the Top, Involve at the Bottom – The Household-Centred Approach to Environmental Sanitation. Paper presented at the IRC Symposium: Sanitation for the Urban Poor Partnerships and Governance

This paper presents initial experience with implementation of the Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES) approach, jointly developed by the WSSCC and EAWAG-SANDEC. The presentation explores the theoretical foundations, the problems it seeks to address and practical experience with implementing the novel planning approach, presenting two case studies, one each from Tanzania and Laos.

LUETHI, C. MOREL, A. TILLEY, E. (2008): Integrate at the Top, Involve at the Bottom – The Household-Centred Approach to Environmental Sanitation. Paper presented at the IRC Symposium: Sanitation for the Urban Poor Partnerships and Governance. URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]