This paper is part of the Special Issue Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program. The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) is tasked with monitoring the levels of contaminants present in the Arctic environment and people as well as assessing their effects on a continuous basis, and reporting these results regularly. Most of the presented data have been collected over the last 20 years and are from all eight Arctic countries. Levels of contaminants appear to be declining in some of the monitored Arctic populations, but it is not consistent across the Arctic. Most Arctic populations continue to experience elevated levels of these contaminants compared to other populations monitored globally.
GIBSON, J., ADLARD, B., OLAFSDOTTIR, K., MANNING SANDANGER, T. and OYVIND ODLAND, J. (2016): Levels and trends of contaminants in humans of the Arctic. In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health: Volume 75 , 10. URL [Accessed: 07.06.2018] PDFLibrary
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This assessment report presents the results of the 2016 AMAP Assessment of Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern which was conducted between 2014 and 2016 by an international group of experts. The report updates the AMAP POPs assessments delivered in 1998, 2002 and 2009, specifically with respect to information on chemicals newly identified in the Arctic environment.
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The 2015 Human Health Assessment Report follows three previous AMAP assessments on human health (AMAP 1998, 2003, 2009) and represents the current knowledge base after 25 years of focused study. This report includes new knowledge, updates and fills information gaps identified in past reports, and focuses attention on the most recent integrated scientific knowledge related to environmental contaminants and human health. It does not update information concerning the levels and effects of radioactivity and UV-radiation; these topics were addressed in the first comprehensive AMAP Assessment Report (AMAP 1998). The AMAP 2015 collects and discuss all the data from the relevant cohorts and surveys carried out in Inuits groups of Alaska, Canada and Greenland. It describes the projects, the results as the levels of contaminants found in the areas, the health that these contaminants can cause, future risks, and risk communication.
Milton Friedman was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman [Accessed: 06.06.2018]This links provides an article about the lunching of the SDGs
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?page=view&nr=1021&type=230&menu=2059 [Accessed: 06.06.2018]This is the interactive version of the Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies by TILLEY ET AL (2014), a compilation of appropriate sanitation technologies, plus a tool for combining technologies in a full system. The compendium’s popularity is due to its brevity - ordering and structuring a huge range of information on tried and tested technologies in a single document. As in the first edition only proven technologies that are appropriate for low- and middle-income settings are presented. Also, only "improved" sanitation technologies, featuring safe, hygienic, and accessible sanitation are included. The whole range of urban, peri-urban and rural technologies (e.g. from simple pits to conventional sewers) is presented in the eCompendium.
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist, and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance.
http://muhammadyunus.org/ [Accessed: 06.06.2018]This links provides information on one of the major diseases caused by low quality hygiene.
http://www.who.int/gho/neglected_diseases/trachoma/en/ [Accessed: 06.06.2018]This online guide provides comprehensive facts and figures of plastic pollution, the impact on our oceans and marine life, and much more.
https://sloactive.com/plastic-pollution/ [Accessed: 06.06.2018]This online guide provides comprehensive facts and figures of plastic pollution, the impact on our oceans and marine life, and much more.
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PSI Nepal works with local partners to implement sexual and reproductive health programs, including in family planning, maternal health, menstrual health and hygiene, as well as water, sanitation and hygiene.
http://www.psi.org/program/household-water-treatment/ [Accessed: 05.06.2018]ENPHO, a service-oriented, scientific, national non-governmental organization is constantly contributing towards sustainable community development by developing, demonstrating and disseminating eco-friendly technologies (eg. Rain Water Harvesting, EcoSan Toilets, DEWATS) and water treatment options (eg. Chlorine solution, SODIS, filters). ENPHO promotes integrated community based approaches for safe water, sustainable sanitation, solid waste management, hygienic behaviour, improving indoor air, and environmental and air quality monitoring for creating healthy and environmental friendly societies.
http://enpho.org/?programs_cat=safe-water [Accessed: 05.06.2018]
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This articles describes suicide rates in the indigenous and non-indigenous populations of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in 2002 - 2012, as well as associated socio-demographic characteristics. Suicide rates in the NAO were substantially higher among the indigenous Nenets population than the non-indigenous population, and were associated with different socio-demographic characteristics.
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Improvements of the environment for better health is not just a matter of technology. It may impinge on various beliefs and customs of people and lead them to reject such action. This basic principle is emphasised in this article.
PAUL, B. D. (1958): The Role of Beliefs and Customs in Sanitation Programs. In: American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health: Volume 48 , 1502–1506. URL [Accessed: 05.06.2018](ECCA) is an environmental organization that focuses on raising awareness through young people in schools, as pupils provide excellent communication channels with communities. ECCA aims to improve access to drinking water in schools and communities in central and eastern Nepal, through the bottling and sale of locally produced chlorine, branded WATASOL.
http://ecca.org.np/home [Accessed: 05.06.2018]Roots of impact: Roots of impacts builds the market for impact investing. Social impact incentives (siinc) is a funding instrument that rewards high-impact enterprises with premium payments for achieving social impact.