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8883 search results found
Bottled Water: An Update
GLEICK, P.H. (2006): Bottled Water: An Update. Entradas: GLEICK, P.H. ; (2006): The World's Water. The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources: 2006-2007. Washington, D.C.: . URL [Visita: 05.12.2012]
Energy Utilization in Crop and Dairy Production in Organic and Conventional Livestock Production Systems

Searching for livestock production systems with a high energy utilization is of interest because of resource use and pollution aspects and because energy use is an indicator of the intensification of production processes. Due to interactions between crop and livestock enterprises and between levels of different input factors and their effects on yields, it is proposed to analyse agricultural energy utilization through system modelling of data from farm studies. Energy use in small grains, grass-clover and fodder beets registered in organic and conventional mixed dairy farms was analysed and used together with crop yields in order to model energy prices on three Danish soil types.

REFSGAARD, K. ; HALBERG, N. ; KRISTENSEN, E.S. (1998): Energy Utilization in Crop and Dairy Production in Organic and Conventional Livestock Production Systems. Entradas: Agricultural Systems: Volume 57 , 599-630. URL [Visita: 05.12.2012]
Institutions and Sustainable Development

This paper was prepared for the Seminar “Food and Water – resources in crises!” at Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute 28. November 2008. The paper puts emphasis on the fact that institutional structures and path dependency can be and are major constraints for development and dissemination of many innovations that have obvious environmental benefits in the long run. Facilitation and arrangement of appropriate institutional regimes are therefore of great importance for “big ideas” to come through. Ecological sanitation is an example.

BRYDEN, J. REFSGAARD, K. (2009): Institutions and Sustainable Development. The Case of Water, Waste and Food. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute (NILF) URL [Visita: 05.12.2012]
Informal Water Vendors and Service Providers in Uganda: The Ground Reality

This paper is a beginning or a starting point for further research informal water vending in Uganda and highlights issues for further research, discussion and policy formulation. The paper is based almost entirely on primary information around Kampala and several small towns. More than 20 localities, mostly slums, informal settlements and poorer sections of Kampala were visited in order to find out how and from where people obtained water and the price they paid for it. Discussions were held directly with consumers, vendors, government authorities, and NGOs.

PANGARE, G. PANGARE, V. (2008): Informal Water Vendors and Service Providers in Uganda: The Ground Reality. Bonn: The Water Dialogues. [Accessed: 04.12.2012] PDF
Water Profile of Eritrea

An article on the water situation in Eritrea based on publications of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

KUNDELL, J. (2008): Water Profile of Eritrea. (= Encyclopedia of Earth ). Washington D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition & National Council for Science and the Environment URL [Visita: 04.12.2012]
Services and Supply Chains: The Role of the Domestic Private Sector in Water Service Delivery in Tanzania

This report presents findings from a review of the service activities of informal private water vendors in Dar es Salaam. Tanzania’s capital is a rapidly growing city, and around 70 percent of the population lacks proper housing and lives in informal settlements. Large parts of the city remain unserved by the water utility and many of those who have access to the piped network suffer from intermittent supply. As a result, small-scale private water vendors provide an essential service for many, in particular low-income households in the city that would not otherwise be served. Yet, the overall result is an extremely costly service, which heavily penalizes low-income households.

UNDP (2011): Services and Supply Chains: The Role of the Domestic Private Sector in Water Service Delivery in Tanzania. New York: United Nations Development Programme URL [Visita: 04.12.2012]
Independent Water and Sanitation Providers in African Cities. Full Report of a Ten-Country Study

This ten-country study in Africa, provides a wealth of information on a vibrant independent water and sanitation sector that responds to market niches and meets the needs of both the poor and other unserviced communities on a very broad scale. The countries covered were Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Uganda, Senegal, and Tanzania. The overall picture that emerges from the study suggests that by recognizing and regularizing the activities, roles, and institutional position of independent providers, and by facilitating intermediation, coordination, and partnership between city-wide operators and independent providers, municipal and national authorities can set the stage for better delivery of water and sanitation services to the urban poor.

COLLIGNON, B. VEZINA, M. (2000): Independent Water and Sanitation Providers in African Cities. Full Report of a Ten-Country Study. Washington, DC: UNDP-World Bankd Water and Sanitation Program URL [Visita: 30.11.2012]
Informal Water Suppliers Meeting Water Needs in the Pero-Urban Territories of Mumbai, an Indian Perspective

This paper addresses the issue of informal water providers in the peri-urban areas of Mumbai. The paper examines whether we are heading towards new forms of urban governance, where informal actors no longer compete with each other, but cooperate with public utilities and emerge as an extension of the public utility.

ANGUELTOU-MARTEAU, A. (2008): Informal Water Suppliers Meeting Water Needs in the Pero-Urban Territories of Mumbai, an Indian Perspective. Grenoble: Université de Grenoble URL [Visita: 30.11.2012]
Informal Water Vendors And The Urban Poor

This working paper looks at how water-vending systems operate, how effective they are in meeting the needs of the urban poor, and how this effectiveness might be improved. The paper concentrates on the small-scale and informal vendors, most of whom work independently with very little capital. Nevertheless, they display enormous diversity and flexibility, and are adept at responding to the needs of all but the very poorest households.

KJELLEN, M and MCGRANAHAN, G. (2006): Informal Water Vendors And The Urban Poor. (= Human Settlements Discussion Paper Series ). London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) URL [Visita: 30.11.2012] PDF