Library

http://www.hosepipeban.org.uk/ [Visita: 26.03.2010]

This website was conceived in 2005 when it became more and more apparent that the UK was facing a future where current water supplies could not be guaranteed. Consumers and companies can get points of reference to find out about the hosepipe ban, water shortage and droughts in general.

Australia suffers from drought for a large part of the year. That is why the Sydney water council has a structure on how to act preventively to reduce negative consequences.

SYDNEY WATER (2010): Water Wise Rules Apply. SYDNEY WATER URL [Visita: 26.03.2010]

Worldwide, agriculture accounts for a large part of water usage. Illegal use of water in agriculture is a worldwide problem, and WWF presents different solutions – including restrictions – to tackle them.

WWF ; ADENA (2006): Illegal Water Use in Spain. Causes, Effects and Solutions. Madrid: URL [Visita: 26.03.2010]

Short factsheet on the design, operation, maintenance and costs of aerated lagoons (partially mixed ponds) form the United States Environment Protection Agency.

EPA (2002): Aerated, Partial Mix Lagoons. (= Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet ). Washington, D.C.: United States Environment Protection Agency (US EPA) URL [Visita: 26.03.2010]

The wastewater from Manjuyod’s public market is treated in a decentralized system (DEWATS) composed of four different components: a settling tank; a anaerobic baffled reactor which reduces the BOD/COD content from 20% to 85%; a planted gravel filter; and finally a polishing pond.

BORDA (2008): Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System - DEWATS. Manjuyod Public Market. (= Sustainable Sanitation – Project Data Sheet ). Bremen: Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) URL [Visita: 26.03.2010]

An case study on restrictions for chemicals: After 1990, when Mongolia shifted to democracy, the Government developed and approved the Law on Protection from Toxic Chemicals in 1995 and updated a list of restricted or banned chemicals in Mongolia, including persistent organic pollutants, in 1997.

DOLGORMAA, L. (2004): Toxics Issues in Mongolia. WWF Mongolia Programme Office URL [Visita: 26.03.2010]

DWF (2009): Vermicast. Davo's Worm Farms (DWF) URL [Visita: 24.03.2010]

http://www.watercorporation.com.au [Visita: 23.03.2010]

This website is a useful tool to find strategies to save water at home, at school or at work. Water corporation also works in water restriction policy making.

24. WIKIPEDIA (2012): Activated sludge. URL [Visita: 23.03.2010]

HAANDEL, A.C. van LUBBE, J.G.M. van der (2007): Mechanisms involved in Biological Phosphorus removal. Entradas: HAANDEL, A.C. van ; LUBBE, J.G.M. van der ; (2007): Handbook Biological Wastewater Treatment. Design and Optimisation of Activated Sludge Systems. Leidschendam: 188-191. URL [Visita: 22.03.2010]

http://www.ademe.fr/partenaires/Boues/Pages/f14.htm [Visita: 19.03.2010]

This page explains in a very short and comprehensive way how activated sludge processes are applied for municipal wastewater treatment in France.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge [Visita: 19.03.2010]

General Wikipedia article on activated sludge systems.

This case study about Rmamein Village in Jordan shows an example how the EMPOWERS approach is implemented in a semi-arid region in the middle east. The village has a population number around 3000, thus it provides a good example for water governance on a local level.

EMPOWERS - INWRDAM (n.y): Rmamein Village Case Study . pdf presentation. EMPOWERS - INWRDAM. [Accessed: 18.03.2010] PDF

The Mountain Empire Community College ‘Water and Wastewater Distance Learning Course’ makes available all its documentation on the web. This section describes secondary treatment systems, including trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, activated sludge, operation and control, stabilization ponds, aerated lagoons and intermittent sand filters.

MECC (n.y): Course ENV149: Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation: Lesson 10: Secondary Treatment. (= Mountain Empire Community College. Water and Wastewater Distance Learning ). Big Stone Gap: Mountain Empire Community College (MECC) URL [Visita: 18.03.2010]

The booklet provides an explanation of the conceptual background to the EMPOWERS approach to water governance and is a companion volume to the “EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Guidelines, Methods and Tools”. It helps to develop a deeper understanding of the approach.

MORIARTY, P. BATCHELOR, C. LABAN, P. FAHMY, H. (2007b): INWRDAM The EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Background and Key Concepts. Amman, Jordan: Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM) URL [Visita: 18.03.2010]

Rather old design manual for onsite wastewater treatment options. However, valuable information on established systems such as septic tanks, sand filters, aerobic treatment units (suspended growth and fixed film), disinfection, nutrient removal as well as wastewater segregation and recycling are given. Additional information is given on disposal methods and appurtenances.

U.S.EPA (1980): Design Manual Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems. (= EPA 625/1-80-012 ). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Office of Research and Development (U.S.EPA) URL [Visita: 18.03.2010]

NETSSAF (2008): Existing Participatory Sanitation Planning Tools (PSPTs). From Deliverable D33, D36 & D39. Network for the development of Sustainable Approaches for large scale implementation of Sanitation in Africa URL [Visita: 18.03.2010]

The application of biological filters (fixed film processes) for the removal of ammonia from brackish or salt wastewaters from fish farms is discussed. The biological removal of ammonia in fixed-film processes is explained and design examples for ammonia removal in either trickling filters or rotating biological contactors are discussed.

HOCHHEIMER, J.N. WHETON, F.W. (1998): Biological Filters: Trickling and RBC Design. Entradas: LIBEY, G.S. ; TIMMONS, M.B. (1998): Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture Roanoke. Virginia: 291–318. URL [Visita: 18.03.2010]

http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/ENV149/lesson3.htm [Visita: 18.03.2010]

The Mountain Empire Community College Water and Wastewater Distance Learning Course makes available all its documentation on the web. This section describes fixed film processes (including rotating biological contactors and trickling filters).

Another case study of a village in Jordan, which shows issues and challenges of planning and implementation of water governance. Rweiha village is located in an arid region with less than 200 mm rainfall per year and has no independent water sources.

EMPOWERS-INWRDAM (n.y): Rweiha Case Study . pdf presentation. EMPOWERS-INWRDAM. [Accessed: 18.03.2010]