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In this document Nissen-Petersen criticises sand dams, which failed due to wrong implementation. He promotes a different method of construction, which is presented in this document (see also NISSEN-PETERSEN, training material).
NISSEN-PETERSEN, E. (2011): Sand Dams or Silt Traps. Nairobi: ASAL Consultants Ltd. URL [Visita: 20.04.2011] PDFSustainable Sanitation Practice (SSP) tries to make available high quality information on practical experiences with available sustainable sanitation systems. This issue of the Journal, which is published quarterly, deals with planning tools for sustainable sanitation and dedicates an article to the Planning Tools Section of the SSWM Toolbox.
MUELLEGGER, E. ; LANGENGRABER, G. ; LECHNER, M. (2011): Sustainable Sanitation Practice, Issue 7, 04/2011. Planning Tools. Vienna: EcoSan Club URL [Visita: 20.04.2011]This website provides a short overview over subsurface dam.
This NGO promotes sand dams and explains briefly the features of sand dams.
This brochure highlights the features of sand dams using helpful illustrations.
ED (n.y): Pioneers of Sand Dams. Brentford: EXCELLENT DEVELOPMENT (ED) PDFThis paper presents the results of an evaluation of the effects of local small scale sand dam projects in Kenya.
LASAGE, R. ; AERTS, J. ; MUTISO, G.C.M. ; VRIES, A. de (2008): Potential for community based adaptation to droughts: Sand dams in Kitui, Kenya. Entradas: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth : Volume 33 , 67–73. URL [Visita: 20.04.2011] PDFThis sheet concentrates on things to consider when actually leading a discussion. It helps finding adequate question for the best possible discussion outcome.
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY (n.y): Leading Discussions Tip Sheet. Tallahassee: The Florida State University – Centre for Teaching and Learning URL [Visita: 19.04.2011]This checklist is easy to use and very compact. It includes the most important things to consider when preparing and leading a discussion.
TAKAYAMA, K. (2009): Self-Checklists for Facilitating Effective Group Discussions. Providence: The Harriet W. Sheridan Centre for Teaching and Learning - Brown University URL [Visita: 19.04.2011]This document is helpful when preparing a discussion. It includes many tips to finally succeed in leading a discussion.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (n.y): Leading Scintillating, Stimulating, Substantive Class Discussions. New York City: Columbia University - Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Teaching Centre URL [Visita: 19.04.2011]This website summarises information about what to consider when using resource persons.
Liberia’s water and sanitation policy states that “water is life” and “sanitation is dignity”. These powerful statements signal a welcome commitment in a country where safe water and decent sanitation have long been absent for the vast majority of the population, with catastrophic impacts on life and social welfare.This report details the current situation before focusing on the questions that will be crucial in the success of improving access to water and sanitation in the West-African country.
LIBERIA WASH CONSORTIUM (2010): Life and Dignity at Risk. Liberia: The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector in Liberia URL [Visita: 17.04.2011]This website provides the online-version of the Sourcebook of Alternative Technologies for Freshwater Augmentation of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP).
This case study on groundwater recharge with recycled wastewater focuses on quantifying possible health implications.
ASANO, T. COTRUVO, J. (2004): Groundwater recharge with recycled municipal wastewater: health and regulatory considerations. Davis: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California URL [Visita: 15.04.2011]