BIOTECH India
(2007):
Turning food waste into cooking gas.
The Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy
URL
[Visita: 01.11.2011]
Library
OSTARA
(2011):
Crystal Green.
Vancouver:
Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies Inc.
URL
[Visita: 31.10.2011]
This paper critically assesses microfinance’s expansion into the provision of public goods. It focuses on the problem of public goods and collective action and refers to the specific example of water and sanitation. The microfinancing of water and sanitation is a private business model that requires households to recognise, internalise and capitalise the benefits from improved water and sanitation.
MADER, P. (2011): Making the Poor Pay for Public Goods via Microfinance: Economic and Political Pitfalls in the Case of Water and Sanitation, 2011. URL [Visita: 28.10.2011]
This paper is about water and sanitation sector reform and improving governance in Nigeria, which is being achieved through introducing processes, guidelines and mechanism to ensure transparency, accountability and effective participation of all stakeholders. In addition, sharing of capital cost for construction of water supply systems by all three tiers of government, communities and development partners/donors is a major thrust of financing mechanism.
AHMAD ALLAOUI MAI-AFU MARX KANEBI KAMFUT (2009): Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Sustainable Development and Multisectoral Approaches. Water and Sanitation Sector Reform in Nigeria . Addis Ababa: 34th WEDC International Conference, Ethiopia, 2009 URL [Visita: 27.10.2011]
This manual describes the siphon system of Vortech Ltd. It has no moving parts, requires no additional power input and its unique design offers direct benefits for the environment as well as savings on the installation, operating and maintenance costs.
VORTECH (2009): Super Siphon: Installation and Design Manual. Warkworth: Ashby Consulting Engineering Ltd. URL [Visita: 27.10.2011]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZmP0vsRBZ8
[Visita: 27.10.2011]
This short YouTube video shows how the siphon effect works.
This Irrigation and Drainage Paper is intended to provide guidance to national planners and decision-makers, agricultural and municipal managers, field engineers and scientists, health and agricultural field workers, wastewater treatment plant operators and farmers. Consequently, it covers a broad range of relevant material, some in considerable depth but some more superficially. It is meant to encourage the collection, treatment and use of wastewater in agriculture in a safe manner, with maximum advantage taken of this resource. Informal, unplanned and unorganized wastewater use is not recommended, nor is it considered adviseable from the health or agricultural points of view.
PESCOD, M.B. (1992): Wastewater Treatment and Use in Agriculture. (= FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper , 47 ). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) URL [Visita: 25.10.2011]
Water stress continues to be one of the most significant environmental factors affecting growth, production and quality of crops worldwide. Improving water agricultural efficiency is crucial in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Saudi Arabia. The current study investigates the use of an automated irrigation system in comparison with manual irrigation.
BOUTRAA, T. AKHKHA, A. ALSHUAIBI, A. ATTA, R. (2011): Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Automated Irrigation System Using Wheat Crops. Milford: AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA URL [Visita: 24.10.2011]
A new endline report discusses how Peru’s enabling environment for handwashing with soap has progressed since 2007. The research, conducted by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), indicates that the enabling environment has been strengthened at both national and regional levels. In addition, efforts to integrate and institutionalize handwashing with soap behavior change into national, regional, and local policies related to health and nutrition, education, water, and sanitation have largely been achieved.
FAVIN, M. WSP (2011): Endline Assessment of the Enabling Environment in Peru. Washington DC: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Visita: 24.10.2011]
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/knowledge/notes_emergencies.html
[Visita: 24.10.2011]
This website offers a lot of information material for practioneers in emergencies.
This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based intelligent control systems for effective irrigation scheduling. The proposed ANN based controller is prototyped using MATLAB. The input parameters like air temperature, soil moisture, radiation and humidity are modelled. Then, using appropriate methods, ecological conditions, evapotranspiration and type of crop, the amount of water needed for irrigation is estimated and then associated results are simulated.
UMAIR, S.M. ; USMAN, R. (n.y): Automation of Irrigation System Using ANN Based Controller. Entradas: International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering (IJCEE): Volume 10 , 45-51. URL [Visita: 24.10.2011]
This paper describes the design and implementation of a low-cost multi-mode control for an irrigation system built around a personal computer (PC). The system uses in-situ soil water potential measurements, the weather condition parameters and the set points data provided by the user to decide when and how much water to apply to the irrigated field.
BENZEKRI, A. ; MEGHRICHE, K. ; REFOUFI, L. (2007): PC-Based Automation of a Multi-Mode Control for an Irrigation System. Entradas: Industrial Embedded Systems: , 310-315. URL [Visita: 24.10.2011]
This paper explains the different methods of an automated irrigation system and what components are needed.
RAJAKUMAR, D. RAMAH, K. RATHIKA, S. THIYAGARAJAN, G. (2008): Automation in Micro-Irrigatio. New Delhi: Technology Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship Information Service. [Accessed: 24.10.2011] PDF
During the last years a number of biogas systems have been installed as part of sanitation systems. Issue 9 of Sustainable Sanitation Practice (SSP) on „Biogas systems“ shows successful examples. The first paper presents results from a study in Kerala, India, for digesters on a household level. The second paper shows the results of a long-term implementation program for biogas systems in Lesotho. The third paper presents first results of a digester constructed in a small village in Morocco.
MUELLEGGER, E. ; LANGERGRABER, G. ; LECHNER, M. (2011): Biogas Systems. (= Sustainable Sanitation Practice , 9 ). EcoSan Club URL [Visita: 24.10.2011]
Small towns, the size of which can vary from between 3,000 and 30,000 inhabitants, have specific characteristics as they tend to be situated midway between rural and urban. Too small to benefit from those opportunities available to large urban centers, particularly in terms of competencies for developing and managing services, they are also too large to be able to accommodate those community-based approaches prevalent in rural areas. This guide defines the specific issues and challenges facing small towns. A methodology for developing a regional strategy for water and sanitation is provided, as well as the courses of action to be followed to facilitate access to finance and mobilize the expertise required to provide back-up support and training to local authorities and service operators.
VALFREY-VISSER, B. (2010): How to Create a Regional Dynamic to Improve Local Water Supply and Sanitation Services in Small Towns in Africa. (= Six Methodological Guides for a Water and Sanitation Services' Development Strategy , 2 ). Cotonou and Paris: Partenariat pour le Développement Municipal (PDM) and Programme Solidarité Eau (pS-Eau) URL [Visita: 19.10.2011]
The purpose of this decision-making aid is to provide practical advice and recommendations for managing toilet blocks situated in public places. It is primarily aimed at local decision-makers in developing countries and at their partners (project planners and managers).
TOUBKISS, J. (2010): How to Manage Public Toilets and Showers. (= Six Methodological Guides for a Water and Sanitation Services' Development Strategy , 5 ). Cotonou and Paris: Partenariat pour le Développement Municipal (PDM) and Programme Solidarité Eau (pS-Eau) URL [Visita: 19.10.2011]
Dans toute démarche d’amélioration des services d’eau et d’assainissement, la demande est un enjeu primordial qui doit nécessairement être analysé et compris par les décideurs, planificateurs et concepteurs. Conçu pour optimiser l’allocation des ressources financières et favoriser l’équité entre usagers face des services publics de l’eau et de l’assainissement, ce guide fournit aux décideurs et acteurs de développement les clés de compréhension et les outils d’intervention pour mener à bien des analyses de la demande, à la fois rigoureuses et pragmatiques.
ROGER, G. (2010): Analyser la demande des usagers. (= Six Methodological Guides for a Water and Sanitation Services' Development Strategy , 3 ). Cotonou and Paris: Partenariat pour le Développement Municipal (PDM) and Programme Solidarité Eau (pS-Eau) URL [Visita: 19.10.2011]Language: French
This document sets out the principles for adopting an ecological sanitation approach, as well as providing guidance on the construction ecological sanitation latrines and their operation. It is intended to support sanitation field practitioners and WaterAid in Nepal ’s partners in the delivery of appropriate services and technologies to fit the needs of different users. .It is also equally hoped that this document will be of value to other organisations and sector stakeholders involved in sanitation promotion and ecological sanitation.
WATER AID (2011): Construction of Ecological Sanitation Latrine. Kathmandu: Water Aid URL [Visita: 19.10.2011]