Perspectives are different frameworks from which to explore the knowledge around sustainable sanitation and water management. Perspectives are like filters: they compile and structure the information that relate to a given focus theme, region or context. This allows you to quickly navigate to the content of your particular interest while promoting the holistic understanding of sustainable sanitation and water management.
The object of this volume is to discuss the various aspects of one particular form of water treatment - the "biological filtration" or "slow sand filtration" process. This system of water purification has been in continuous use since the beginning of the nineteenth century, and has proved effective under widely differing circumstances.
HUISMAN, L. WOOD, W.E. (1974): Slow Sand Filtration. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO) URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
Perhaps no set of interventions underpins the attainment of Millennium Development Goals more critically than water, sanitation and hygiene. Water scarcity, degrading water quality, lack of access to both adequate sanitation and clean drinking water, and poor hygiene increase disease; contribute to malnutrition; disadvantage women; undermine economic growth; and threaten development, peace, and security.
BROCKLEHURST, C. (2011): Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Foundations of Development. New York: UNICEF URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
This report analyses primary and secondary data on the TSC to arrive at an understanding of the processes, outputs, and outcomes at a national level and across the states, which are compared to program inputs. The analysis is useful in tracking the efficiency of the states in terms of time taken to achieve total sanitation and the financial expenditure put forward to achieve outcomes.
WSP (2011): A Decade of the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), India: Rapid Assessment of Processes and Outcomes. Washington, D.C.: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
UNICEF designed this manual to help support Natural Leaders during the pre-triggering, triggering, and follow-up phases of a CLTS initiative. It includes useful sections on monitoring and evaluating the CLTS program within a community.
UNICEF (2011): CLTS Training Manual for Natural Leaders. New York: UNICEF URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
The Total Sanitation Campaign has achieved considerable success in the State of Maharashtra in India. The village of Kambalwadi voluntarily participated in the campaign and succeeded in adapting the model and achieving sustained growth with people’s active participation. This paper provides the details of these achievements.
CHAVAN, B.L. ; RASAL, G.B. ; KALSHETTI, M.S. (2011): Sustainability of Total Sanitation Campaign at Kambalwadi Village in Maharashtra, India. Entradas: Journal of Education and Practice: Volume 2 , 42-44. URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
This evaluation report discusses lessons learned in implementing CLTS in two communities.
RABEMANDA, V. (2011): Evaluation of Community-Led Total Sanitation in Vatambe and Emagnevy, Madagascar. Tolagnaro: Azafady URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
A short factsheet on slow sand filtration provides information on more technical aspects of slow sand filtration.
NDWC (2000): Slow Sand Filtration. Tech Brief. (= A National Drinking Water Clearinghouse Fact Sheet ). Morgantown: National Drinking Water Clearinghouse (NDWC) URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
Beside the headarticle about 'Novaquatis', an inter- and transdisciplinary Eawag project, investigated urine source separation and treatment as an option for modern wastewater management, there are more article about urine sepeartion and its development.
EAWAG (2007): Mix or NoMix - A Closer Look at Urine Source Separation. (= Eawag News , 63 ). Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Visita: 06.02.2012]
This short factsheet provides a condense overview on small scale hydro power, including different types of systems, components, energy production and maintenance.
CALON TEIFI (2011): What is Small Scale Hydro Power. West Wales, U.K.: Calon Teifi. [Accessed: 05.02.2012] PDF
This factsheet information covers various facts on the subject of water, energy and hydropower focusing on Switzerland but also covering the international perspective. MC CARTHY, P. (2006): Small Scale Hydroelectricity. Carlow, Ireland: Teagasc Mellows Development Centre
EAWAG (2010): Factsheet: Water and Energy. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Visita: 05.02.2012]
This factsheet provides information five small-scale hydropower stations on the municipal water system in the city of Boulder Colorado.
CADDET RENEWABLE ENERGY (2000): Small-scale Hydro within a Municipal Water Supply System. Oxfordshire, U.K.: Caddet Centre for Renewable Energy. [Accessed: 05.02.2012] PDF
This factsheet describes natural water purification by ecosystems. How to maintain the service of purification by conservation or restoration of the ecosystem is also briefly discussed.
ESA (2012): Water Purification: An Essential Ecosystem Service . [Accessed: 03.02.2012] PDFThe website of the US Environmental Protection Agency provides interesting information about many aspects of drinking water.
This website contains a lot of information on water treatment technologies.
This paper determines the cost-effectiveness of developing small-scale hydropower sites in the USA aiming to contribute to the renewable energy mix of the country and thus reduced the current carbon emissions.
KOSNIK, L. (2010): The Potential for Small Scale Hydropower Development in the United States of America. Entradas: Energy Policy : Volume 38 , 5512 – 5519. URL [Visita: 02.02.2012]